Spark plasma sintering of graphene reinforced hydroxyapatite composites

Hydroxyapatite (prepared from eggshell)/graphene (HAP/GNPs) composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Pure HAP does not have good mechanical properties so it is necessary to combine them with other materials, which endow them acceptable strength. Sintering was carried out at various...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Ceramics international 2015-04, Vol.41 (3), p.3647-3652
Main Authors: Klébert, Szilvia, Balázsi, Csaba, Balázsi, Katalin, Bódis, Eszter, Fazekas, Péter, Keszler, Anna Mária, Szépvölgyi, János, Károly, Zoltán
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
B. Composite
C. Hardness
Density
Elongation
Grains
Graphene
Hydroxyapatite
Mechanical properties
Sintering
Spark plasma sintering
SPS
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Summary:Hydroxyapatite (prepared from eggshell)/graphene (HAP/GNPs) composites were prepared by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Pure HAP does not have good mechanical properties so it is necessary to combine them with other materials, which endow them acceptable strength. Sintering was carried out at various temperatures (700°C and 900°C) and holding times (5 and 10min). Rapid processing time and low sintering temperatures was of importance to avoid HAP decomposition. Mechanical and structural properties of the sintered bodies were studied with different methods. The highest relative density ~96% was obtained at 700°C sintering temperature regardless of the holding time. Composite with the best mechanical properties (hardness ~4GPa, 3-point bending strength ~119MPa) consisted of HAP elongated grains with average length of 300nm. The GNPs were agglomerated and located on grain boundaries closed to porosities. The structural observation confirmed increased fraction of hexagonal shaped grains, and poorer mechanical properties with increased sintering time and temperature.
ISSN:0272-8842
1873-3956
DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.11.033