Adipose Tissue in Metabolic Syndrome: Onset and Progression of Atherosclerosis

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) should be considered a clinical entity when its different symptoms share a common etiology: obesity/insulin resistance as a result of a multi-organ dysfunction. The main interest in treating MetS as a clinical entity is that the addition of its components drastically increa...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Archives of medical research 2015-07, Vol.46 (5), p.392-407
Main Authors: Luna-Luna, María, Medina-Urrutia, Aida, Vargas-Alarcón, Gilberto, Coss-Rovirosa, Fernanda, Vargas-Barrón, Jesús, Pérez-Méndez, Óscar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipose Tissue - metabolism
Adipose Tissue - physiopathology
Atherosclerosis - metabolism
Atherosclerosis - physiopathology
Coronary artery disease
Disease Progression
Dyslipidemias
Humans
Inflammation
Inflammation - metabolism
Inflammation - physiopathology
Insulin Resistance
Internal Medicine
Intestines - microbiology
Intra-Abdominal Fat - metabolism
Intra-Abdominal Fat - physiopathology
Metabolic Syndrome - diagnosis
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Metabolic Syndrome - physiopathology
Microbiota
Nonalcoholic fatty liver
Obesity - metabolism
Obesity - physiopathology
Osteopontin
Osteoprotegerin
Pericardium - metabolism
Risk Factors
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Summary:Metabolic syndrome (MetS) should be considered a clinical entity when its different symptoms share a common etiology: obesity/insulin resistance as a result of a multi-organ dysfunction. The main interest in treating MetS as a clinical entity is that the addition of its components drastically increases the risk of atherosclerosis. In MetS, the adipose tissue plays a central role along with an unbalanced gut microbiome, which has become relevant in recent years. Once visceral adipose tissue (VAT) increases, dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction follow as additive risk factors. However, when the nonalcoholic fatty liver is present, risk of a cardiovascular event is highly augmented. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) seems to increase simultaneously with the VAT. In this context, the former may play a more important role in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque than the latter. Hence, EAT may act as a paracrine tissue vis-à-vis the coronary arteries favoring the local inflammation and the atheroma calcification.
ISSN:0188-4409
1873-5487
DOI:10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.007