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Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells
Purpose To understand how nanomechanical stiffness affects metastatic potential, we studied the relationship between cell migration, a characteristic of metastasis, and cell stiffness using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can measure stiffness (elasticity) of individual living cells. Methods Mi...
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| Published in: | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 2012-05, Vol.138 (5), p.859-866 |
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| container_end_page | 866 |
| container_issue | 5 |
| container_start_page | 859 |
| container_title | Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology |
| container_volume | 138 |
| creator | Watanabe, Tatsuro Kuramochi, Hiromi Takahashi, Atsushi Imai, Kazue Katsuta, Naoko Nakayama, Tomonobu Fujiki, Hirota Suganuma, Masami |
| description | Purpose
To understand how nanomechanical stiffness affects metastatic potential, we studied the relationship between cell migration, a characteristic of metastasis, and cell stiffness using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can measure stiffness (elasticity) of individual living cells.
Methods
Migration and cell stiffness of three metastatic B16 melanoma variants (B16-F10, B16-BL6, and B16-F1 cells), and also effects of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were studied using Transwell assay and AFM.
Results
Migration of B16-F10 and B16-BL6 cells was 3 and 2 times higher than that of B16-F1 cells in Transwell assay, and cell stiffness determined by AFM was also different among the three variants, although they have similar morphologies and the same growth rates: Means of Young’s modulus were 350.8 ± 4.8 Pa for B16-F10 cells, 661.9 ± 16.5 Pa for B16-BL6 cells, and 727.2 ± 13.0 Pa for B16-F1 cells. AFM measurements revealed that highly motile B16-F10 cells have low cell stiffness, and low motile and metastatic B16-F1 cells have high cell stiffness: Nanomechanical stiffness is inversely correlated with migration potential. Treatment of highly motile B16-F10 cells with EGCG increased cell stiffness 2-fold and inhibited migration of the cells.
Conclusions
Our study with AFM clearly demonstrates that cell stiffness is a reliable quantitative indicator of migration potential, and very likely metastatic potential, even in morphologically similar cells. And increased cell stiffness may be a key nanomechanical feature in inhibition of metastasis. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00432-012-1159-5 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1703243587</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1703243587</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-b3ea0725cd2473e53820f6755ec1ea7eb996a530ebbd235fc50ee2b16402b7683</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kU2O1DAQhS0EYpqBA7BBkRDSsDD4JxV3ljACBmkkNrC2Kk6lx6PEaWz3IG7Ahg1H5CQ4pPkREquyq756fvJj7KEUz6QQ5nkSotaKC6m4lNByuMU2culIreE22whpJAclmxN2L6VrUe5g1F12opRqzbYWG_b1wu-uKFaOxrFK2Q9DoJQqH3rvMPuwq8b5U5lPlDHl0nHVfs4UssexUNVL2ZTZiGGecBW5wegx5FRh6Bfi7PuXb0857f0Ox3EuouSuSnu5lTPPkUrpf-6m--zOgGOiB8d6yj68fvX-_IJfvnvz9vzFJXcgm8w7TSiMAter2mgCvVViaAwAOUloqGvbBkEL6rpeaRgcCCLVyaYWqjPNVp-ys1V3H-ePB0rZTj4tDjDQfEhWGqFVrWFrCvr4H_R6PsRQ3FlZPt40LWgolFwpF-eUIg12H_2E8XOB7JKVXbOyZcUuWdll59FR-dBN1P_e-BVOAZ4cAUwOxyFicD794cC00MJiUa1cKqOwo_i3xf-9_gM0h61P</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1012769535</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells</title><source>Springer Link</source><creator>Watanabe, Tatsuro ; Kuramochi, Hiromi ; Takahashi, Atsushi ; Imai, Kazue ; Katsuta, Naoko ; Nakayama, Tomonobu ; Fujiki, Hirota ; Suganuma, Masami</creator><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Tatsuro ; Kuramochi, Hiromi ; Takahashi, Atsushi ; Imai, Kazue ; Katsuta, Naoko ; Nakayama, Tomonobu ; Fujiki, Hirota ; Suganuma, Masami</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
To understand how nanomechanical stiffness affects metastatic potential, we studied the relationship between cell migration, a characteristic of metastasis, and cell stiffness using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can measure stiffness (elasticity) of individual living cells.
Methods
Migration and cell stiffness of three metastatic B16 melanoma variants (B16-F10, B16-BL6, and B16-F1 cells), and also effects of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were studied using Transwell assay and AFM.
Results
Migration of B16-F10 and B16-BL6 cells was 3 and 2 times higher than that of B16-F1 cells in Transwell assay, and cell stiffness determined by AFM was also different among the three variants, although they have similar morphologies and the same growth rates: Means of Young’s modulus were 350.8 ± 4.8 Pa for B16-F10 cells, 661.9 ± 16.5 Pa for B16-BL6 cells, and 727.2 ± 13.0 Pa for B16-F1 cells. AFM measurements revealed that highly motile B16-F10 cells have low cell stiffness, and low motile and metastatic B16-F1 cells have high cell stiffness: Nanomechanical stiffness is inversely correlated with migration potential. Treatment of highly motile B16-F10 cells with EGCG increased cell stiffness 2-fold and inhibited migration of the cells.
Conclusions
Our study with AFM clearly demonstrates that cell stiffness is a reliable quantitative indicator of migration potential, and very likely metastatic potential, even in morphologically similar cells. And increased cell stiffness may be a key nanomechanical feature in inhibition of metastasis.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0171-5216</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1335</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1159-5</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22297840</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JCROD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anticarcinogenic Agents - pharmacology ; Antineoplastic agents ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cancer Research ; Catechin - analogs & derivatives ; Catechin - pharmacology ; Cell Movement - drug effects ; Cellular biology ; Elastic Modulus - drug effects ; Elasticity - drug effects ; Hematology ; Internal Medicine ; Medical sciences ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Melanoma, Experimental - drug therapy ; Melanoma, Experimental - secondary ; Metastasis ; Mice ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Oncology ; Original Paper ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Skin Neoplasms - pathology</subject><ispartof>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology, 2012-05, Vol.138 (5), p.859-866</ispartof><rights>Springer-Verlag 2012</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-b3ea0725cd2473e53820f6755ec1ea7eb996a530ebbd235fc50ee2b16402b7683</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-b3ea0725cd2473e53820f6755ec1ea7eb996a530ebbd235fc50ee2b16402b7683</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25795957$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22297840$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Tatsuro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuramochi, Hiromi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imai, Kazue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katsuta, Naoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakayama, Tomonobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujiki, Hirota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suganuma, Masami</creatorcontrib><title>Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells</title><title>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</title><addtitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</addtitle><addtitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</addtitle><description>Purpose
To understand how nanomechanical stiffness affects metastatic potential, we studied the relationship between cell migration, a characteristic of metastasis, and cell stiffness using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can measure stiffness (elasticity) of individual living cells.
Methods
Migration and cell stiffness of three metastatic B16 melanoma variants (B16-F10, B16-BL6, and B16-F1 cells), and also effects of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were studied using Transwell assay and AFM.
Results
Migration of B16-F10 and B16-BL6 cells was 3 and 2 times higher than that of B16-F1 cells in Transwell assay, and cell stiffness determined by AFM was also different among the three variants, although they have similar morphologies and the same growth rates: Means of Young’s modulus were 350.8 ± 4.8 Pa for B16-F10 cells, 661.9 ± 16.5 Pa for B16-BL6 cells, and 727.2 ± 13.0 Pa for B16-F1 cells. AFM measurements revealed that highly motile B16-F10 cells have low cell stiffness, and low motile and metastatic B16-F1 cells have high cell stiffness: Nanomechanical stiffness is inversely correlated with migration potential. Treatment of highly motile B16-F10 cells with EGCG increased cell stiffness 2-fold and inhibited migration of the cells.
Conclusions
Our study with AFM clearly demonstrates that cell stiffness is a reliable quantitative indicator of migration potential, and very likely metastatic potential, even in morphologically similar cells. And increased cell stiffness may be a key nanomechanical feature in inhibition of metastasis.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anticarcinogenic Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antineoplastic agents</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Catechin - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Catechin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cell Movement - drug effects</subject><subject>Cellular biology</subject><subject>Elastic Modulus - drug effects</subject><subject>Elasticity - drug effects</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Melanoma, Experimental - drug therapy</subject><subject>Melanoma, Experimental - secondary</subject><subject>Metastasis</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Microscopy, Atomic Force</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Skin Neoplasms - pathology</subject><issn>0171-5216</issn><issn>1432-1335</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kU2O1DAQhS0EYpqBA7BBkRDSsDD4JxV3ljACBmkkNrC2Kk6lx6PEaWz3IG7Ahg1H5CQ4pPkREquyq756fvJj7KEUz6QQ5nkSotaKC6m4lNByuMU2culIreE22whpJAclmxN2L6VrUe5g1F12opRqzbYWG_b1wu-uKFaOxrFK2Q9DoJQqH3rvMPuwq8b5U5lPlDHl0nHVfs4UssexUNVL2ZTZiGGecBW5wegx5FRh6Bfi7PuXb0857f0Ox3EuouSuSnu5lTPPkUrpf-6m--zOgGOiB8d6yj68fvX-_IJfvnvz9vzFJXcgm8w7TSiMAter2mgCvVViaAwAOUloqGvbBkEL6rpeaRgcCCLVyaYWqjPNVp-ys1V3H-ePB0rZTj4tDjDQfEhWGqFVrWFrCvr4H_R6PsRQ3FlZPt40LWgolFwpF-eUIg12H_2E8XOB7JKVXbOyZcUuWdll59FR-dBN1P_e-BVOAZ4cAUwOxyFicD794cC00MJiUa1cKqOwo_i3xf-9_gM0h61P</recordid><startdate>20120501</startdate><enddate>20120501</enddate><creator>Watanabe, Tatsuro</creator><creator>Kuramochi, Hiromi</creator><creator>Takahashi, Atsushi</creator><creator>Imai, Kazue</creator><creator>Katsuta, Naoko</creator><creator>Nakayama, Tomonobu</creator><creator>Fujiki, Hirota</creator><creator>Suganuma, Masami</creator><general>Springer-Verlag</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120501</creationdate><title>Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells</title><author>Watanabe, Tatsuro ; Kuramochi, Hiromi ; Takahashi, Atsushi ; Imai, Kazue ; Katsuta, Naoko ; Nakayama, Tomonobu ; Fujiki, Hirota ; Suganuma, Masami</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c516t-b3ea0725cd2473e53820f6755ec1ea7eb996a530ebbd235fc50ee2b16402b7683</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anticarcinogenic Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antineoplastic agents</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Catechin - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Catechin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cell Movement - drug effects</topic><topic>Cellular biology</topic><topic>Elastic Modulus - drug effects</topic><topic>Elasticity - drug effects</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Melanoma, Experimental - drug therapy</topic><topic>Melanoma, Experimental - secondary</topic><topic>Metastasis</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Microscopy, Atomic Force</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Skin Neoplasms - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Watanabe, Tatsuro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuramochi, Hiromi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takahashi, Atsushi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imai, Kazue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katsuta, Naoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakayama, Tomonobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fujiki, Hirota</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Suganuma, Masami</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Watanabe, Tatsuro</au><au>Kuramochi, Hiromi</au><au>Takahashi, Atsushi</au><au>Imai, Kazue</au><au>Katsuta, Naoko</au><au>Nakayama, Tomonobu</au><au>Fujiki, Hirota</au><au>Suganuma, Masami</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells</atitle><jtitle>Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology</jtitle><stitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</stitle><addtitle>J Cancer Res Clin Oncol</addtitle><date>2012-05-01</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>138</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>859</spage><epage>866</epage><pages>859-866</pages><issn>0171-5216</issn><eissn>1432-1335</eissn><coden>JCROD7</coden><abstract>Purpose
To understand how nanomechanical stiffness affects metastatic potential, we studied the relationship between cell migration, a characteristic of metastasis, and cell stiffness using atomic force microscopy (AFM), which can measure stiffness (elasticity) of individual living cells.
Methods
Migration and cell stiffness of three metastatic B16 melanoma variants (B16-F10, B16-BL6, and B16-F1 cells), and also effects of (−)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), were studied using Transwell assay and AFM.
Results
Migration of B16-F10 and B16-BL6 cells was 3 and 2 times higher than that of B16-F1 cells in Transwell assay, and cell stiffness determined by AFM was also different among the three variants, although they have similar morphologies and the same growth rates: Means of Young’s modulus were 350.8 ± 4.8 Pa for B16-F10 cells, 661.9 ± 16.5 Pa for B16-BL6 cells, and 727.2 ± 13.0 Pa for B16-F1 cells. AFM measurements revealed that highly motile B16-F10 cells have low cell stiffness, and low motile and metastatic B16-F1 cells have high cell stiffness: Nanomechanical stiffness is inversely correlated with migration potential. Treatment of highly motile B16-F10 cells with EGCG increased cell stiffness 2-fold and inhibited migration of the cells.
Conclusions
Our study with AFM clearly demonstrates that cell stiffness is a reliable quantitative indicator of migration potential, and very likely metastatic potential, even in morphologically similar cells. And increased cell stiffness may be a key nanomechanical feature in inhibition of metastasis.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer-Verlag</pub><pmid>22297840</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00432-012-1159-5</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Anticarcinogenic Agents - pharmacology Antineoplastic agents Biological and medical sciences Cancer Research Catechin - analogs & derivatives Catechin - pharmacology Cell Movement - drug effects Cellular biology Elastic Modulus - drug effects Elasticity - drug effects Hematology Internal Medicine Medical sciences Medicine Medicine & Public Health Melanoma, Experimental - drug therapy Melanoma, Experimental - secondary Metastasis Mice Microscopy Microscopy, Atomic Force Oncology Original Paper Pharmacology. Drug treatments Skin Neoplasms - drug therapy Skin Neoplasms - pathology |
| title | Higher cell stiffness indicating lower metastatic potential in B16 melanoma cell variants and in (−)-epigallocatechin gallate-treated cells |
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