Use of pig manure as fertilizer with and without supplement feed in pond carp production in Northern Italy

A 4-month trial was carried out in Northern Italy to evaluate the possibility of recycling pig manure through pond carp production. Six ponds (600 m 2, 1.2 m deep) were stocked at the rate of 5300 fish/ ha with a mixture of common and grass carp (87% and 13% by number, respectively). The initial mea...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Aquaculture 1995, Vol.129 (1), p.387-390
Main Authors: Zoccarato, Ivo, Benatti, Gilberto, Calvi, Silvia Leveroni, Bianchini, Marco L.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ABONOS
ALIMENTACION DE PECES
ALIMENTATION DES POISSONS
Animal aquaculture
Animal productions
Aquaculture
Biological and medical sciences
CTENOPHARYNGODON IDELLA
CYPRINUS
Cyprinus carpio
ENGRAIS
ESTIERCOL
FARMYARD MANURE
FERTILIZERS
Fish
FISH FEEDING
FUMIER
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
ITALIA
ITALIE
ITALY
Manures
Northern Italy
Pisciculture
Ponds
Vertebrate aquaculture
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Summary:A 4-month trial was carried out in Northern Italy to evaluate the possibility of recycling pig manure through pond carp production. Six ponds (600 m 2, 1.2 m deep) were stocked at the rate of 5300 fish/ ha with a mixture of common and grass carp (87% and 13% by number, respectively). The initial mean weight was 450 g (carp) and 440 g (grass carp). Ponds were fertilized with pig manure and/ or supplied with feed (dry matter weight on the basis of fish biomass) as follows: (A) 3% manure; (B) 1.5% manure and 1.5% feed; (C) 3% feed. Dry matter was around 13% (manure) and 88% (feed). Five days a week, manure was spread and/or feed distributed in ponds; every week the supplied amount was adjusted with estimated weight gains. The overall quantity of manure recycled per day was 575 (treatment A) and 288 kg/ha (treatment B). Survival was 100% in treatments B and C, and 88% in A. The total weight gain was different ( P ⩽ 0.05) in each treatment: 259 (A), 3369 (B) and 6312 (C) kg/ha. The final mean weight was 570, 1050 and 1670 g for common and 630,1330 and 1480 g for grass carp in treatments A, B and C, respectively. Feed conversion rate was 2.82 (B) and 1.52 (C), while the fertilization index (kg manure/kg weight gain biomass) was 36.1 for treatment A. The level of oxygen was different ( P ⩽ 0.05) among the treatments, i.e. 3.6 (A) vs. 4.5 (B) and 4.3 (C) mg/l. An over-fertilization effect could have been responsible for poor performances and the high mortality in treatment A. As a general conclusion, integrated pond systems using grass carp seem to be useful for pig manure recycling.
ISSN:0044-8486
1873-5622
DOI:10.1016/0044-8486(94)00290-5