Mild desalination of various raw water streams

For chemical industries, fresh water availability is a pre-requisite for sustainable operation. However, in many delta areas around the world, fresh water is scarce. Therefore, the E4 Water project (www.e4water.eu) comprises a case study at the Dow site in Terneuzen, The Netherlands, which is design...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water science and technology 2015-01, Vol.72 (3), p.371-376
Main Authors: Groot, C K, van den Broek, W B P, Loewenberg, J, Koeman-Stein, N, Heidekamp, M, de Schepper, W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brackish water
Case studies
Chemical industry
Cooling
Desalination
Electrodialysis
Fresh water
Freshwater
Freshwater environments
Industry
Inland water environment
Laboratories
Nanofiltration
Nanotechnology
Netherlands
Product quality
Raw water
Rivers
Salinity
Sodium Chloride - chemistry
Streams
Waste Water - chemistry
Water availability
Water desalting
Water Purification - methods
Water quality
Water shortages
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:For chemical industries, fresh water availability is a pre-requisite for sustainable operation. However, in many delta areas around the world, fresh water is scarce. Therefore, the E4 Water project (www.e4water.eu) comprises a case study at the Dow site in Terneuzen, The Netherlands, which is designed to develop commercial applications for mild desalination of brackish raw water streams from various origins to enable reuse in industry or agriculture. This study describes an effective two-stage work process, which was used to narrow down a broad spectrum of desalination technologies to a selection of the most promising techniques for a demonstration pilot at 2-4 m³/hour. Through literature study, laboratory experiments and multi-criteria analysis, nanofiltration and electrodialysis reversal were selected, both having the potential to attain the objectives of E4Water at full scale.
ISSN:0273-1223
1996-9732
DOI:10.2166/wst.2015.228