Coprolites of marine vertebrate predators from the Lower Triassic of southern Poland

• Published in: Palaeogeography, palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology palaeoclimatology, palaeoecology, 2015-10, Vol.435, p.118-126
• Main Authors: Brachaniec, Tomasz, Niedźwiedzki, Robert, Surmik, Dawid, Krzykawski, Tomasz, Szopa, Krzysztof, Gorzelak, Przemysław, Salamon, Mariusz A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Coprolites; Early Triassic; Marine vertebrates; Mesozoic Marine Revolution; Mollusca; Nematoda; Nematodes; Predation
• ISSN: 0031-0182; 1872-616X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.005

Numerous coprolites are described for the first time herein from the Lower Triassic (Olenekian) shallow marine sedimentary rocks in southern Poland. X-ray Diffraction and geochemical analyses show that they are preserved as calcium phosphate with small admixtures of quartz and calcite. Additionally, SEM and thin section studies revealed that they contain highly fragmented faunal remains (crinoids, molluscs and vertebrates). The size, shape, geochemistry, biostratigraphic distribution and co-occurrence with vertebrate skeletal remains imply that the coprolites at hand were likely produced by nothosaurids, the durophagous sauropterygian reptiles and actinopterygian (ray-finned) fish. The large number of recorded coprolites implies that durophagous predation has been intense during the Early Triassic and suggests that the so-called Mesozoic Marine Revolution probably started soon after the end-Permian extinction. Furthermore, discovery of sinusoidal trails attributable to nematodes in some coprolites implies that the intestinal parasitic associations with these predators had already evolved by at least the Early Triassic. •Phosphatic coprolites were described from the Lower Triassic marine sediments.•Marine vertebrate predators were likely producers of the described coprolites.•Durophagous predation was intense during the Early Triassic.•Intestinal parasitism was broadly distributed in the aftermath of the P/T extinction.