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Strength and Fine Dexterity Recovery Profiles After a Primary Motor Cortex Insult and Effect of a Neuronal Cell Graft

The aim of this study was to set up (a) a large primary motor cortex (M1) lesion in rodent and (b) the conditions for evaluating a long-lasting motor deficit in order to propose a valid model to test neuronal replacement therapies aimed at improving motor deficit recovery. A mitochondrial toxin, mal...

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Published in:Behavioral neuroscience 2015-08, Vol.129 (4), p.423-434
Main Authors: Vaysse, Laurence, Conchou, Fabrice, Demain, Boris, Davoust, Carole, Plas, Benjamin, Ruggieri, Cyrielle, Benkaddour, Mehdi, Simonetta-Moreau, Marion, Loubinoux, Isabelle
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container_issue 4
container_start_page 423
container_title Behavioral neuroscience
container_volume 129
creator Vaysse, Laurence
Conchou, Fabrice
Demain, Boris
Davoust, Carole
Plas, Benjamin
Ruggieri, Cyrielle
Benkaddour, Mehdi
Simonetta-Moreau, Marion
Loubinoux, Isabelle
description The aim of this study was to set up (a) a large primary motor cortex (M1) lesion in rodent and (b) the conditions for evaluating a long-lasting motor deficit in order to propose a valid model to test neuronal replacement therapies aimed at improving motor deficit recovery. A mitochondrial toxin, malonate, was injected to induce extensive destruction of the forelimb M1 cortex. Three key motor functions that are usually evaluated following cerebral lesion in the clinic-strength, target reaching, and fine dexterity-were assessed in rats by 2 tests, a forelimb grip strength test and a skilled reaching task (staircase) for reaching and dexterity. The potential enhancement of postlesion recovery induced by a neuronal cell transplantation was then explored and confirmed by histological analyses. Both tests showed a severe functional impairment 2 days post lesion, however, reaching remained intact. Deficits in forelimb strength were long lasting (up to 3 months) but spontaneously recovered despite the extensive lesion size. This natural grip strength recovery could be enhanced by cell therapy. Histological analyses confirmed the presence of grafted cells 3 months postgraft and showed partial tissue reconstruction with some living neuronal cells in the graft. In contrast, fine dexterity never recovered in the staircase test even after grafting. These results suggest that cell replacement was only partially effective and that the forelimb M1 area may be a node of the sensorimotor network, where compensation from secondary pathways could account for strength recovery but recovery of forelimb fine dexterity requires extensive tissue reconstruction.
doi_str_mv 10.1037/bne0000067
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ispartof Behavioral neuroscience, 2015-08, Vol.129 (4), p.423-434
issn 0735-7044
1939-0084
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source PsycARTICLES
subjects Animal
Animals
Cell Line
Forelimb
Hand Strength
Heterografts
Histology
Humans
Male
Malonates - toxicity
Motor ability
Motor Activity - drug effects
Motor Cortex
Motor Cortex - drug effects
Motor Cortex - pathology
Motor Cortex - surgery
Motor Processes
Motor Skills - drug effects
Neural Plasticity
Neural Regeneration
Neurons
Neurons - transplantation
Neurosciences
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Recovery of Function
Tissue engineering
Transplants & implants
title Strength and Fine Dexterity Recovery Profiles After a Primary Motor Cortex Insult and Effect of a Neuronal Cell Graft
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