Reliability of freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to measure scapular rotations

The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to measure scapular rotations (internal/external, upward/downward, anterior/posterior). The scapular position in 22 healthy, nondisabled individuals was imaged three times in four testing posit...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of rehabilitation research and development 2014-01, Vol.51 (6), p.985-994
Main Authors: Worobey, Lynn A, Udofa, Ima A, Lin, Yen-Sheng, Koontz, Alicia M, Farrokhi, Shawn S, Boninger, Michael L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Female
Healthy Volunteers
Humans
Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods
Male
Methods
Middle Aged
Movement
Range of Motion, Articular
Reliability
Reproducibility of Results
Rotation
Scapula - diagnostic imaging
Scapula - physiopathology
Shoulder
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome - diagnostic imaging
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome - physiopathology
Shoulder Joint - diagnostic imaging
Shoulder Joint - physiopathology
Skin
Software
Studies
Ultrasonic imaging
Ultrasonography
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Summary:The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of using freehand three-dimensional ultrasound to measure scapular rotations (internal/external, upward/downward, anterior/posterior). The scapular position in 22 healthy, nondisabled individuals was imaged three times in four testing positions of interest (arm at rest and humeral elevation in the sagittal, frontal, and scapular planes). We found substantial reliability across scanning positions and scapular rotations, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.95. The highest reliability was found in the rest testing position. Our standard error of measurement was less than 2 degrees for all measurements and less than 0.5 degrees for most. Minimum detectable change ranged from 0.37 to 3.08 degrees. Our results agree with the pattern of movement found in other studies, with the scapula moving toward a more externally rotated, upwardly rotated, and posteriorly tilted position with humeral elevation. Further study is warranted to compare our methods to a gold standard, apply them to evaluating dynamic movement, and determine whether they can be used to detect shoulder pathology.
ISSN:0748-7711
1938-1352
DOI:10.1682/JRRD.2014.01.0006