Are quantization rules for horizon areas universal?

Doubts have been expressed on the universality of holographic/string-inspired quantization rules for the horizon areas of stationary black holes, or the products of their radii, already in 4-dimensional general relativity. Realistic black holes are not stationary but time-dependent. We produce three...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, 2013-08, Vol.88 (4), Article 044011
Main Authors: Faraoni, Valerio, Moreno, Andres F. Zambrano
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Black holes (astronomy)
Cosmology
Counting
Gravitation
Horizon
Quantization
Relativity
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Summary:Doubts have been expressed on the universality of holographic/string-inspired quantization rules for the horizon areas of stationary black holes, or the products of their radii, already in 4-dimensional general relativity. Realistic black holes are not stationary but time-dependent. We produce three examples of 4-dimensional general-relativistic spacetimes containing dynamical black holes for at least part of the time, and we show that the quantization rules (even counting virtual horizons) cannot hold, except possibly at isolated instants of time, and do not seem to be universal.
ISSN:1550-7998
1550-2368
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.88.044011