Hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction for the direct determination of flumequine in urban wastewaters by flow‐injection analysis with terbium‐sensitized chemiluminescence

• Published in: Journal of separation science 2014-10, Vol.37 (19), p.2738-2744
• Main Authors: Ocaña‐González, Juan Antonio, Ramos‐Payán, María, Fernández‐Torres, Rut, Callejón‐Mochón, Manuel, Bello‐López, Miguel Ángel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Chemiluminescence; Cleaning; drug residues; Emission analysis; Exact sciences and technology; Extraction; Flow injection; Flow Injection Analysis; Flumequine; Fluoroquinolones - analysis; high performance liquid chromatography; Hollow fibers; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Instrumentation; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Luminescent Measurements; microextraction; Molecular Structure; Other wastewaters; Pollution; Polypropylenes; Porosity; Streams; Surface Properties; Terbium - chemistry; Urban areas; Waste water; Waste Water - chemistry; Wastewater; Wastewaters; Water Pollutants, Chemical - analysis; Water treatment; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 1615-9306; 1615-9314
• DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400383

A flow‐injection analysis chemiluminescence method based on the enhancement effect of the flumequine‐Tb(III) complex on the weak native emission of the Ce(IV)‐Na₂SO₃ system has been developed for the determination of flumequine. The method includes a cleanup and preconcentration stage (750‐fold) of the sample by hollow‐fiber liquid‐phase microextraction using an Accurel® Q 3/2 polypropylene hollow fiber impregnated with 1‐octanol as the supported liquid membrane. The obtained 50 μL acceptor phase was injected in a 1 mM Tb(III) + 4 mM Ce(IV) in 5% v/v H₂SO₄ stream and mixed with a 2 mM Na₂SO₃ stream before its introduction into the flow cell. The chemiluminescence signal was linear in the 0.3–15 ng/mL range, with detection and quantitation limits of 0.1 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively. The method allows the selective extraction and determination of flumequine in wastewater samples, using simpler and lower‐cost instrumentation and with shorter extraction and analysis times than traditional high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis.