Direct tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous assay of opioids, cocaine and metabolites in dried urine spots

• Published in: Analytica chimica acta 2013-06, Vol.784, p.25-32
• Main Authors: Otero-Fernández, Mara, Cocho, José Ángel, Tabernero, María Jesús, Bermejo, Ana María, Bermejo-Barrera, Pilar, Moreda-Piñeiro, Antonio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Analgesics, Opioid - metabolism; Analgesics, Opioid - urine; Calibration; Cocaine; Cocaine - metabolism; Cocaine - urine; Direct tandem mass spectrometry; Dried urine spots; Extraction; Humans; Ionization; Limit of Detection; Mass spectrometry; Mathematical analysis; Morphine; Opiates; Reference Standards; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Spots; Substance Abuse Detection - instrumentation; Substance Abuse Detection - methods; Substance-Related Disorders - urine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - instrumentation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods; Urinalysis - instrumentation; Urinalysis - methods; Urine
• ISSN: 0003-2670; 1873-4324
• DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.04.061

•A dried urine spot (DUS) technique for assessing cocaine and opiates in urine was developed.•The method is adequate for a fast screening and confirmation assay of cocaine/heroin abuse.•Found cocaine, opiates, and metabolites concentrations in urine are similar to those obtained with other conventional methods. A micro-analytical method based on spotting urine samples (20μL) onto blood/urine spot collection cards followed by air-drying and extraction (dried urine spot, DUS) was developed and validated for the screening/confirmation assay of morphine, 6-methylacetylmorphine (6-MAM), codeine, cocaine and benzoylecgonine (BZE). Acetonitrile (3mL) was found to be a useful solvent for target extraction from DUSs under an orbital-horizontal stirring at 180rpm for 10min. Determinations were performed by direct electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) under positive electrospray ionization conditions, and by using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) with one precursor ion/product ion transition for the identification and quantification (deuterated analogs of each target as internal standards) of each analyte. The limits of detection of the method were 0.26, 0.94, 1.5, 1.1, and 2.0ngmL−1, for cocaine, BZE, codeine, morphine and 6-MAM, respectively; whereas, relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precision were lower than 8 and 11%, respectively, and intra- and inter-day analytical recoveries ranged from 94±4 to 105±3%. The small volume of urine required (20μL), combined with the simplicity of the analytical technique makes it a useful procedure for screening/quantifying drugs of abuse. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of urine from polydrug abusers.