Eye feature extraction for diagnosing the facial phenotype associated with fetal alcohol syndrome

Victims of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) exhibit a unique facial phenotype that is emphasised in diagnosis. Among the characteristic facial features, several occurring in the region of the orbits can be evaluated quantitatively using distance measurements. An algorithm is described for automatic extr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical & biological engineering & computing 2003, Vol.41 (1), p.101-106
Main Authors: DOUGLAS, T. S, MARTINEZ, F, MEINTJES, E. M, VAUGHAN, C. L, VILJOEN, D. L
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Algorithms
Anthropometry - methods
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Eye - pathology
Facies
Female
Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders - diagnosis
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Genetic algorithms
Humans
Medical sciences
Phenotype
Photogrammetry - methods
Pregnancy
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Summary:Victims of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) exhibit a unique facial phenotype that is emphasised in diagnosis. Among the characteristic facial features, several occurring in the region of the orbits can be evaluated quantitatively using distance measurements. An algorithm is described for automatic extraction and measurement of eye features from stereo photographs. The algorithm was applied to photographs of 46 six-seven-year-old children. The approach relies on peak and valley maps and integral projection functions, to locate the eyes and extract the iris, and genetic algorithms to fit cubic splines to the upper and lower eyelids. Measurements obtained automatically using this algorithm were compared with measurements obtained manually from the photographs. Mean absolute differences between automatic and manual measurements were less than 1 mm for palpebral fissure length (PFL) and interpupillary distance (IPD). Absolute differences were less than 1 mm for 80.4% of PFLs and 100% of IPDs. Inner canthal distance and outer canthal distance did not compare favourably with manual measurements.
ISSN:0140-0118
1741-0444
DOI:10.1007/BF02343545