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The concept of Holy Russia: Its inception and reflection in Russian iconography
The concept of 'Holy Russia' appeared towards the end of the sixteenth century and gained currency in seventeenth-century popular culture. The canonization of a large number of Russian saints, the abundance of religious buildings, the appearance of wonder-working icons, and the foundation...
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Format: | Conference Proceeding |
Language: | fre ; rus |
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Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | The concept of 'Holy Russia' appeared towards the end of the sixteenth century and gained currency in seventeenth-century popular culture. The canonization of a large number of Russian saints, the abundance of religious buildings, the appearance of wonder-working icons, and the foundation by Nikon of the Resurrection (the New Jerusalem) Monastery contributed to the sanctification of the Russian land. The concept was preserved by Old Believers in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and transpired in their iconography (in icons depicting gatherings of saints, for instance). In the menological series, i.e., icons depicting a saint for each day of the year, created during the last quarter of the nineteenth century by the famous Mstëra icon-painters I.S. Chirikov and M.I. Dikarëv, the saints are depicted standing on a rock ledge above a stylized representation of the ground (pozëm) with hillocks, grass, and "palaces." The combination of the ideal (canonical, stylized hills) and the real (recognizable panoramas of towns and monasteries) led to the sacralization of the depicted object in such a way that holiness was perceived as an inalienable quality of the Russian land. This feeling prevailed to various degrees among representatives of the different layers of society at the turn of the twentieth century, when Holy Russia definitely became the universally recognized paradigm of the Russian national and religious renaissance. //ABSTRACT IN FRENCH: La notion de « Sainte Russie » s'est pour l'essentiel formée à la fin du xvie siècle et était présente dans la culture populaire du xviie siècle. La canonisation d'un grand nombre de saints russes, la profusion d'édifices religieux, les phénomènes d'icônes miraculeuses, la fondation, par le patriarche Nikon, du monastère de la Résurrection, dit de la Nouvelle Jérusalem, sont autant de raisons qui ont contribué à faire de la terre russe une terre sainte. Aux xviiie-xixe siècles, cette conception s'est maintenue chez les vieux-croyants et s'est reflétée dans leur iconographie (voir, par exemple, l'apparition de l'iconographie de « l'Assemblée des saints russes »). Dans la « série des ménologes », icônes figurant les saints pour chacun des jours de l'année et réalisées dans le dernier quart du xixe siècle par les peintres d'icônes renommés I.S. ?irikov et M.I. Dikarëv du village de Mstëra, les représentations des saints s'élèvent sur un fond de paysages garnis de monts, d'herbes et de « palais ». La combinaison de l'id |
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ISSN: | 1252-6576 1777-5388 |