Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral

This paper uses the data of Cluster from 2001 to 2009 to study the polytropic processes of central plasma sheet (CPS) ions. We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of io...

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Published in:Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2015-06, Vol.120 (6), p.4736-4747
Main Authors: Pang, Xuexia, Cao, Jinbin, Liu, Wenlong, Ma, Yuduan, Lu, Haoyu, Yang, Junying, Li, Liuyuan, Liu, Xu, Wang, Jing, Wang, Tieyan, Yu, Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
central plasma sheet
Cooling
Cooling effects
Emissions
Integrals
Ions
Magnetohydrodynamics
MHD
MHD Bernoulli integral
Normal distribution
Plasma
Plasma (physics)
polytropic index
Polytropic processes
Statistical analysis
Stream discharge
Stream flow
Thickening
Transition layers
Tubes
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6832-bca8d66f4eb8ba4227c8f96e2ca2d9406ed58aca9ff555c3dd58b961fd6643143
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container_issue 6
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container_title Journal of geophysical research. Space physics
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creator Pang, Xuexia
Cao, Jinbin
Liu, Wenlong
Ma, Yuduan
Lu, Haoyu
Yang, Junying
Li, Liuyuan
Liu, Xu
Wang, Jing
Wang, Tieyan
Yu, Jiang
description This paper uses the data of Cluster from 2001 to 2009 to study the polytropic processes of central plasma sheet (CPS) ions. We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of ions for those streamflow tubes whose outward electromagnetic energy ratios δ  
doi_str_mv 10.1002/2014JA020855
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We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of ions for those streamflow tubes whose outward electromagnetic energy ratios δ  &lt; 0.05. The central plasma sheet is actually a complicated system, which comprises many streamflow tubes with different polytropic relations and the transition layers in between. The polytropic indexes of the CPS ions range from 0.1 to 1.8 and have a quasi‐Gaussian distribution. The median polytropic index is 0.93 for AE &lt; 200 nT and 0.91 for AE ≥ 200 nT. Thus, there is no obvious difference between the polytropic indexes of the quiet time and the substorm time CPS ions, which suggests that the thinning and thickening processes of plasma sheet during substorm times do not change obviously the polytropic relation of the CPS ions. The statistical analysis using different δ (δ &lt; 0.05, 0.025, and 0.01) shows that the outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism and can make the polytropic index to decrease and shift toward isobaric. It is inferred that the CPS ions as a whole much likely behave in a way between isobaric and isothermal. Key Points The polytropic indexes of CPS range from 0.1 to 1.8 The polytropic indexes of CPS quiet and substorm times are similar Outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2014JA020855</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>central plasma sheet ; Cooling ; Cooling effects ; Emissions ; Integrals ; Ions ; Magnetohydrodynamics ; MHD ; MHD Bernoulli integral ; Normal distribution ; Plasma ; Plasma (physics) ; polytropic index ; Polytropic processes ; Statistical analysis ; Stream discharge ; Stream flow ; Thickening ; Transition layers ; Tubes</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2015-06, Vol.120 (6), p.4736-4747</ispartof><rights>2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Jun 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6832-bca8d66f4eb8ba4227c8f96e2ca2d9406ed58aca9ff555c3dd58b961fd6643143</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6832-bca8d66f4eb8ba4227c8f96e2ca2d9406ed58aca9ff555c3dd58b961fd6643143</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7991-5067 ; 0000-0002-0529-6504</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pang, Xuexia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Jinbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wenlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yuduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Haoyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Junying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Liuyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tieyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Jiang</creatorcontrib><title>Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</title><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics</addtitle><description>This paper uses the data of Cluster from 2001 to 2009 to study the polytropic processes of central plasma sheet (CPS) ions. We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of ions for those streamflow tubes whose outward electromagnetic energy ratios δ  &lt; 0.05. The central plasma sheet is actually a complicated system, which comprises many streamflow tubes with different polytropic relations and the transition layers in between. The polytropic indexes of the CPS ions range from 0.1 to 1.8 and have a quasi‐Gaussian distribution. The median polytropic index is 0.93 for AE &lt; 200 nT and 0.91 for AE ≥ 200 nT. Thus, there is no obvious difference between the polytropic indexes of the quiet time and the substorm time CPS ions, which suggests that the thinning and thickening processes of plasma sheet during substorm times do not change obviously the polytropic relation of the CPS ions. The statistical analysis using different δ (δ &lt; 0.05, 0.025, and 0.01) shows that the outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism and can make the polytropic index to decrease and shift toward isobaric. It is inferred that the CPS ions as a whole much likely behave in a way between isobaric and isothermal. Key Points The polytropic indexes of CPS range from 0.1 to 1.8 The polytropic indexes of CPS quiet and substorm times are similar Outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism</description><subject>central plasma sheet</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cooling effects</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Integrals</subject><subject>Ions</subject><subject>Magnetohydrodynamics</subject><subject>MHD</subject><subject>MHD Bernoulli integral</subject><subject>Normal distribution</subject><subject>Plasma</subject><subject>Plasma (physics)</subject><subject>polytropic index</subject><subject>Polytropic processes</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stream discharge</subject><subject>Stream flow</subject><subject>Thickening</subject><subject>Transition layers</subject><subject>Tubes</subject><issn>2169-9380</issn><issn>2169-9402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkUuP0zAURiMEElWnO36AJTYsCPgRO_ayFNpOXzzEY2k5zg2kuHGxE03778eogBCLCm_sa51j-X43y54Q_IJgTF9STIrVFFMsOX-QjSgRKlcFpg9_n5nEj7NJjHuclkxXhI-y7Tvvzn3wx9aitqvhhHyDLHR9MA4dnYkHg-I3gB61vouoMhFq5Du0Xb5GryB0fnCuTWYPX5Nxkz1qjIsw-bWPs0_zNx9ny3zzdnE7m25yKySjeWWNrIVoCqhkZQpKSysbJYBaQ-v0ZwE1l8Ya1TScc8vqVFZKkCZJBSMFG2fPLu8eg_8xQOz1oY0WnDMd-CFqUhKpKFMS_weaclNSKZLQp_-gez-ELjWiKeWMsZSmukalTIVKYWOZqOcXygYfY4BGH0N7MOGsCdY_56X_nlfC2QW_ax2cr7J6tfgw5USWNFn5xWpjD6c_lgnftShZyfWX3UJv-Hq9e_95rpfsHvFrouI</recordid><startdate>201506</startdate><enddate>201506</enddate><creator>Pang, Xuexia</creator><creator>Cao, Jinbin</creator><creator>Liu, Wenlong</creator><creator>Ma, Yuduan</creator><creator>Lu, Haoyu</creator><creator>Yang, Junying</creator><creator>Li, Liuyuan</creator><creator>Liu, Xu</creator><creator>Wang, Jing</creator><creator>Wang, Tieyan</creator><creator>Yu, Jiang</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>L.G</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-5067</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-6504</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201506</creationdate><title>Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral</title><author>Pang, Xuexia ; Cao, Jinbin ; Liu, Wenlong ; Ma, Yuduan ; Lu, Haoyu ; Yang, Junying ; Li, Liuyuan ; Liu, Xu ; Wang, Jing ; Wang, Tieyan ; Yu, Jiang</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6832-bca8d66f4eb8ba4227c8f96e2ca2d9406ed58aca9ff555c3dd58b961fd6643143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>central plasma sheet</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Cooling effects</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>Integrals</topic><topic>Ions</topic><topic>Magnetohydrodynamics</topic><topic>MHD</topic><topic>MHD Bernoulli integral</topic><topic>Normal distribution</topic><topic>Plasma</topic><topic>Plasma (physics)</topic><topic>polytropic index</topic><topic>Polytropic processes</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Stream discharge</topic><topic>Stream flow</topic><topic>Thickening</topic><topic>Transition layers</topic><topic>Tubes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pang, Xuexia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cao, Jinbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wenlong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Yuduan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Haoyu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Junying</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Liuyuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Xu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Jing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Tieyan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Jiang</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological &amp; Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy &amp; Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science &amp; Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pang, Xuexia</au><au>Cao, Jinbin</au><au>Liu, Wenlong</au><au>Ma, Yuduan</au><au>Lu, Haoyu</au><au>Yang, Junying</au><au>Li, Liuyuan</au><au>Liu, Xu</au><au>Wang, Jing</au><au>Wang, Tieyan</au><au>Yu, Jiang</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><addtitle>J. Geophys. Res. Space Physics</addtitle><date>2015-06</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>120</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>4736</spage><epage>4747</epage><pages>4736-4747</pages><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>This paper uses the data of Cluster from 2001 to 2009 to study the polytropic processes of central plasma sheet (CPS) ions. We first adopt the approach of MHD Bernoulli integral (MBI) to identify homogeneous streamflow tubes (quasi‐invariant MBI regions) and then calculate the polytropic index of ions for those streamflow tubes whose outward electromagnetic energy ratios δ  &lt; 0.05. The central plasma sheet is actually a complicated system, which comprises many streamflow tubes with different polytropic relations and the transition layers in between. The polytropic indexes of the CPS ions range from 0.1 to 1.8 and have a quasi‐Gaussian distribution. The median polytropic index is 0.93 for AE &lt; 200 nT and 0.91 for AE ≥ 200 nT. Thus, there is no obvious difference between the polytropic indexes of the quiet time and the substorm time CPS ions, which suggests that the thinning and thickening processes of plasma sheet during substorm times do not change obviously the polytropic relation of the CPS ions. The statistical analysis using different δ (δ &lt; 0.05, 0.025, and 0.01) shows that the outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism and can make the polytropic index to decrease and shift toward isobaric. It is inferred that the CPS ions as a whole much likely behave in a way between isobaric and isothermal. Key Points The polytropic indexes of CPS range from 0.1 to 1.8 The polytropic indexes of CPS quiet and substorm times are similar Outward emission of electromagnetic energy is an effective cooling mechanism</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2014JA020855</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7991-5067</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0529-6504</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects central plasma sheet
Cooling
Cooling effects
Emissions
Integrals
Ions
Magnetohydrodynamics
MHD
MHD Bernoulli integral
Normal distribution
Plasma
Plasma (physics)
polytropic index
Polytropic processes
Statistical analysis
Stream discharge
Stream flow
Thickening
Transition layers
Tubes
title Polytropic index of central plasma sheet ions based on MHD Bernoulli integral
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