Electroweak sphalerons in the reduced minimal 3-3-1 model

We calculate the electroweak sphaleron rates in the reduced minimal 3-3-1 (RM331) model. In the context of the early Universe, this model undergoes a sequence of two first-order phase transitions, SU(3) arrow right SU(2) at the TeV scale and SU(2) arrow right U(1) at the 10 super(2) GeV scale, as th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physical review. D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology, 2014-10, Vol.90 (8), Article 085019
Main Authors: Phong, Vo Quoc, Long, Hoang Ngoc, Van, Vo Thanh, Thanh, Nguyen Chi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Approximation
Baryons
Cosmology
Electroweak model
Mathematical analysis
Phase transformations
Scale (ratio)
Universe
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Summary:We calculate the electroweak sphaleron rates in the reduced minimal 3-3-1 (RM331) model. In the context of the early Universe, this model undergoes a sequence of two first-order phase transitions, SU(3) arrow right SU(2) at the TeV scale and SU(2) arrow right U(1) at the 10 super(2) GeV scale, as the Universe cools down from the hot big bang. By a thin-wall approximation, we show that for each phase transition in this sequence, the sphaleron rate is larger than the cosmological expansion rate at temperatures higher than the critical temperature, and after the phase transition, the sphaleron process is decoupled. This may provide the baryon-number violation (B violation) necessary for baryogenesis in the relationship with nonequilibrium physics in the early Universe.
ISSN:1550-7998
1550-2368
DOI:10.1103/PhysRevD.90.085019