Biomineralization of nanoscale single crystal hydroxyapatite

The chemical and physical characteristics of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite particles which formed during the subcutaneous implantation of crab shell in Sprague–Dawley rats were studied using selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials Science & Engineering C 2015-11, Vol.56, p.84-87
Main Authors: Omokanwaye, Tiffany, Wilson, Otto C., Gugssa, Ayelle, Anderson, Winston
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Biomineralization
Bone Substitutes - chemistry
Calcification, Physiologic - drug effects
Calcium Phosphates - chemistry
Crystallization - methods
Durapatite - chemistry
Electron microscopy
High resolution
High resolution transmission electron microscopy
Hydroxyapatite
Microscopy, Electron, Transmission - methods
Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles - chemistry
Nanostructure
Particle Size
Prostheses and Implants
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Single crystals
Unit cell
Wound Healing - drug effects
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Summary:The chemical and physical characteristics of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite particles which formed during the subcutaneous implantation of crab shell in Sprague–Dawley rats were studied using selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The initial SAED characterization evidence indicated the presence of an amorphous calcium phosphate phase. The electron dense nanophase particles which formed in the wound healing zone displayed broad diffuse rings which usually indicate a low crystalline order or amorphous phase. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed that these mineralized regions contained discrete single crystal particles less than 5nm in size. Micrographs taken at successively higher magnifications revealed very small nanoparticles with a hexagonal arrangement of ion channels with characteristic spacing of 0.54nm and 0.23nm. This study revealed that single crystal hydroxyapatite nanoparticles consisting of only a few unit cells formed via a biomineralization directed process. •Nanocrystalline particles were formed during in vivo implantation of crab shell using a rat model.•High resolution TEM revealed that nanoparticles were single crystals and less than 5nm in size.•The relative distance between spots matches the expected values for hydroxyapatite.
ISSN:0928-4931
1873-0191
DOI:10.1016/j.msec.2015.05.073