Solar disinfection and lime stabilization processes for reduction of pathogenic bacteria in sewage effluents and biosolids for agricultural purposes in Yemen

Yemen is the least advanced country among Middle Eastern countries in sewage reuse and safety control. The current sewage effluent quality in Yemen is generally poor as none of the existing sewage treatment plants produces effluents that comply with the effluent quality regulations. There is no plan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of water reuse and desalination 2015-09, Vol.5 (3), p.419-429
Main Authors: Al-Gheethi, Adel A. S., Ismail, Norli, Efaq, A. N., Bala, J. D., Al-Amery, Ramzy M. A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Agricultural production
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Biosolids
Climatic conditions
Developing countries
Disinfection
Drinking water
E coli
Effluents
Environmental health
Environmental protection
Hospitals
Irrigation
LDCs
Lime
Low cost
Medical laboratories
Oxidation
Pathogens
Pharmaceuticals
Ponds
Reuse
Salmonella
Sanitation
Sewage bacteria
Sewage disposal
Sewage effluents
Sewage treatment plants
Sewer systems
Sludge
Stabilization
Stabilization ponds
Streptococcus infections
Wastewater treatment plants
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Summary:Yemen is the least advanced country among Middle Eastern countries in sewage reuse and safety control. The current sewage effluent quality in Yemen is generally poor as none of the existing sewage treatment plants produces effluents that comply with the effluent quality regulations. There is no plan to build tertiary treatment systems. However, the oxidation and stabilization ponds are considered most appropriate for the warm climate conditions in the country. Sewage effluents and biosolids generated from these ponds are used extensively for agricultural purposes. This review discusses the potential use of solar disinfection (SODIS) and lime treatment for the reduction of pathogens in sewage effluents and biosolids before reuse. SODIS and lime treatment are natural processes, simple, easily implemented, produce non-toxic by-products and are low cost. The merits of these processes are enormous, and they are suitable for application in developing countries such as Yemen.
ISSN:2220-1319
2408-9370
DOI:10.2166/wrd.2015.074