Does Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis with Subcutaneous Rapid-acting Insulin Reduce the Need for Intensive Care Unit Admission?

• Published in: The Journal of emergency medicine 2015-10, Vol.49 (4), p.530-538
• Main Authors: Cohn, Brian G., MD, Keim, Samuel M., MD, MS, Watkins, Joseph W., MD, Camargo, Carlos A., MD, DrPH
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: diabetic ketoacidosis; Diabetic Ketoacidosis - drug therapy; DKA; Emergency; Emergency Medicine - methods; Emergency Service, Hospital - statistics & numerical data; hospitalization; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - administration & dosage; Injections, Subcutaneous; insulin; Insulin, Short-Acting - administration & dosage; intensive care; Length of Stay; Male; Patient Admission - statistics & numerical data; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0736-4679; 2352-5029
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.05.016

Abstract Background In the last 20 years, rapid-acting insulin analogs have emerged on the market, including aspart and lispro, which may be efficacious in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) when administered by non-intravenous (i.v.) routes. Clinical Question In patients with mild-to-moderate DKA without another reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission, is the administration of a subcutaneous (s.c.) rapid-acting insulin analog a safe and effective alternative to a continuous infusion of i.v. regular insulin, and would such a strategy eliminate the need for ICU admission? Evidence Review Five randomized controlled trials were identified and critically appraised. Results The outcomes suggest that there is no difference in the duration of therapy required to resolve DKA with either strategy. Conclusion Current evidence supports DKA management with s.c. rapid-acting insulin analogs in a non-ICU setting in carefully selected patients.