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Dual pathways mediate β-amyloid stimulated glutathione release from astrocytes

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Glutathione (GSH), the major antioxidant in the central nervous system, is primarily synthesized and released by astrocytes. We determined if β‐amyloid (Aβ42), crucial...

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Published in:Glia 2015-12, Vol.63 (12), p.2208-2219
Main Authors: Ye, Bing, Shen, Hui, Zhang, Jing, Zhu, Yuan-Gui, Ransom, Bruce R., Chen, Xiao-Chun, Ye, Zu-Cheng
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container_issue 12
container_start_page 2208
container_title Glia
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creator Ye, Bing
Shen, Hui
Zhang, Jing
Zhu, Yuan-Gui
Ransom, Bruce R.
Chen, Xiao-Chun
Ye, Zu-Cheng
description Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative conditions. Glutathione (GSH), the major antioxidant in the central nervous system, is primarily synthesized and released by astrocytes. We determined if β‐amyloid (Aβ42), crucially involved in Alzheimer's disease, affected GSH release. Monomeric Aβ (mAβ) stimulated GSH release from cultured cortical astrocytes more effectively than oligomeric Aβ (oAβ) or fibrillary Aβ (fAβ). Monomeric Aβ increased the expression of the transporter ABCC1 (also referred to as MRP1) that is the main pathway for GSH release. GSH release from astrocytes, with or without mAβ stimulation, was reduced by pharmacological inhibition of ABCC1. Astrocytes robustly express connexin proteins, especially connexin43 (Cx43), and mAβ also stimulated Cx43 hemichannel‐mediated glutamate and GSH release. Aβ‐stimulation facilitated hemichannel opening in the presence of normal extracellular calcium by reducing astrocyte cholesterol level. Aβ treatment did not alter the intracellular concentration of reduced or oxidized glutathione. Using a mouse model of AD with early onset Aβ deposition (5xFAD), we found that cortical ABCC1 was significantly increased in temporal register with the surge of Aβ levels in these mice. ABCC1 levels remained elevated from 1.5 to 3.5 months of age in 5xFAD mice, before plunging to subcontrol levels when amyloid plaques appeared. Similarly, in cultured astrocytes, prolonged incubation with aggregated Aβ, but not mAβ, reduced induction of ABCC1 expression. These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Aβ increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. GLIA 2015;63:2208–2219 Main Points Monomeric β‐amyloid stimulated astrocytic glutathione release by increasing ABCC1 transporter expression and connexin hemichannel opening. Astrocyte glutathione release would reduce oxidative stress that promotes Alzheimer's disease.
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Using a mouse model of AD with early onset Aβ deposition (5xFAD), we found that cortical ABCC1 was significantly increased in temporal register with the surge of Aβ levels in these mice. ABCC1 levels remained elevated from 1.5 to 3.5 months of age in 5xFAD mice, before plunging to subcontrol levels when amyloid plaques appeared. Similarly, in cultured astrocytes, prolonged incubation with aggregated Aβ, but not mAβ, reduced induction of ABCC1 expression. These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Aβ increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. GLIA 2015;63:2208–2219 Main Points Monomeric β‐amyloid stimulated astrocytic glutathione release by increasing ABCC1 transporter expression and connexin hemichannel opening. 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Using a mouse model of AD with early onset Aβ deposition (5xFAD), we found that cortical ABCC1 was significantly increased in temporal register with the surge of Aβ levels in these mice. ABCC1 levels remained elevated from 1.5 to 3.5 months of age in 5xFAD mice, before plunging to subcontrol levels when amyloid plaques appeared. Similarly, in cultured astrocytes, prolonged incubation with aggregated Aβ, but not mAβ, reduced induction of ABCC1 expression. These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Aβ increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. GLIA 2015;63:2208–2219 Main Points Monomeric β‐amyloid stimulated astrocytic glutathione release by increasing ABCC1 transporter expression and connexin hemichannel opening. 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Using a mouse model of AD with early onset Aβ deposition (5xFAD), we found that cortical ABCC1 was significantly increased in temporal register with the surge of Aβ levels in these mice. ABCC1 levels remained elevated from 1.5 to 3.5 months of age in 5xFAD mice, before plunging to subcontrol levels when amyloid plaques appeared. Similarly, in cultured astrocytes, prolonged incubation with aggregated Aβ, but not mAβ, reduced induction of ABCC1 expression. These results support the hypothesis that in the early stage of AD pathogenesis, less aggregated Aβ increases GSH release from astrocytes (via ABCC1 transporters and Cx43 hemichannels) providing temporary protection from oxidative stress which promotes AD development. GLIA 2015;63:2208–2219 Main Points Monomeric β‐amyloid stimulated astrocytic glutathione release by increasing ABCC1 transporter expression and connexin hemichannel opening. 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ispartof Glia, 2015-12, Vol.63 (12), p.2208-2219
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language eng
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subjects ABCC1
Aging - metabolism
Alzheimer Disease - metabolism
Alzheimer's disease
Amyloid beta-Peptides - metabolism
Animals
Astrocytes - drug effects
Astrocytes - metabolism
Calcium - metabolism
Cells, Cultured
Cerebral Cortex - metabolism
cholesterol
Cholesterol - metabolism
Connexin 43 - genetics
Connexin 43 - metabolism
connexin hemichannel
Disease Models, Animal
glutathione
Glutathione - metabolism
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Transgenic
Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins - antagonists & inhibitors
Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins - metabolism
Oxidation-Reduction
Plaque, Amyloid - metabolism
β-amyloid
title Dual pathways mediate β-amyloid stimulated glutathione release from astrocytes
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