Ozone, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds in a central zone of Chile

• Published in: Air quality, atmosphere and health atmosphere and health, 2015-12, Vol.8 (6), p.545-557
• Main Authors: Toro A., Richard, Seguel, Rodrigo J., Morales S., Raúl G. E., Leiva G., Manuel A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Agroforestry; Air masses; Air pollution; Air quality; Air quality standards; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chemical reactions; Earth and Environmental Science; Economic activity; Emissions; Environment; Environmental conditions; Environmental Health; Environmental impact; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; Human exposure; Nitric oxide; Nitrogen; Nitrogen oxides; Organic compounds; Outdoor air quality; Ozone; Photochemicals; Rural areas; Studies; Summer; Toluene; Urban areas; Vehicle emissions; VOCs; Volatile organic compounds; Xylene
• ISSN: 1873-9318; 1873-9326
• DOI: 10.1007/s11869-014-0306-3

The relationships between ozone (O 3 ) and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), were investigated in the VIR region (34° 10′ S, 71° 36′ W), referred to as Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins of Chile. Observations were obtained from a field study performed at four monitoring sites, which represented different environmental conditions, i.e., rural-coastal (Marchihue, MA), urban (Rancagua, RA, and Rengo, RE), and semi-urban (Codegua, CO) during the summer (between Feb 1 and Mar 12, 2010). Overall, greater O 3 concentrations were identified at the urban sites compared with the semi-urban and rural sites. In addition, the O 3 precursor concentrations were high in the early morning hours as a consequence of fresh vehicular emissions (from 11 to 40 ppbv for NO x and from 15 to 36 ppbC for VOC). The total VOC/NO x ratios at the study sites indicated that the formation of O 3 was limited by VOCs. Most O 3 was formed from ethene, isoprene, propene, 2-methylpropene, m- and p-xylenes, and toluene. These VOCs accounted for more than 50 % of the O 3 formation. The m- and p-xylene/ethylbenzene ratio confirmed the reception of aged air masses at the CO site. In contrast, at the RA site, the impact of pollution was primarily local. Control measures should be implemented to prevent O 3 exceedances of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), despite the fact that the current O 3 concentrations do not exceed the current 8-h standard of 61 ppbv. These measures should include the control of VOC emissions and their chemical reactivity.