Inhibition, Disinhibition, and the Control of Action in Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. TS is associated with impairments in behavioral inhibition, dysfunctional signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences within brain ne...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in cognitive sciences 2015-11, Vol.19 (11), p.655-665
Main Authors: Jackson, Georgina M, Draper, Amelia, Dyke, Katherine, Pépés, Sophia E, Jackson, Stephen R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Brain - metabolism
Brain - pathology
Brain - physiopathology
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid - metabolism
Humans
Inhibition (Psychology)
Neurology
Psychiatry
Tourette Syndrome - physiopathology
Tourette Syndrome - psychology
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Summary:Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. TS is associated with impairments in behavioral inhibition, dysfunctional signaling of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA, and alterations in the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences within brain networks implicated in motor learning and the selection of actions. We review evidence that increased control over motor outputs, including the suppression of tics, may develop during adolescence in TS and be accompanied by compensatory, neuromodulatory, alterations in brain structure and function. In particular, we argue that increased control over motor outputs in TS is brought about by local increases in ‘tonic’ inhibition that lead to a reduction in the ‘gain’ of motor excitability.
ISSN:1364-6613
1879-307X
DOI:10.1016/j.tics.2015.08.006