Optimal coordination of distance and over-current relays in series compensated systems based on MAPSO

• Published in: Energy conversion and management 2012-04, Vol.56, p.140-151
• Main Authors: Moravej, Zahra, Jazaeri, Mostafa, Gholamzadeh, Mehdi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Capacitors; Direct power generation; Directional over-current relay; Distance relay; Energy; Exact sciences and technology; Formulations; Management; Networks; Nonlinearity; Optimal relay coordination; Optimization; Particle swarm optimization; Series capacitor; Time measurements
• ISSN: 0196-8904; 1879-2227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.11.024

► Optimal coordination problem between distance relays and Directional Over-Current Relays (DOCRs) is studied. ► A new problem formulation for both uncompensated and series compensated system is proposed. ► In order to solve the coordination problem a Modified Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO) is employed. ► The optimum results are found in both uncompensated and series compensated systems. In this paper, a novel problem formulation for optimal coordination between distance relays and Directional Over-Current Relays (DOCRs) in series compensated systems is proposed. The integration of the series capacitor (SC) into the transmission line makes the coordination problem more complex. The main contribution of this paper is a new systematic method for computing the optimal second zone timing of distance relays and optimal settings of DOCRs, in series compensated and uncompensated transmission systems, which have a combined protection scheme with DOCRs and distance relays. In order to solve this coordination problem, which is a nonlinear and non-convex problem, a Modified Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimization (MAPSO) is employed. The new proposed method is supported by obtained results from a typical test case and a real power system network.