Malignant tumors of the uterine corpus: molecular background of their origin

Tumors of the uterine corpus can be divided into two main groups: endometrial tumors and mesenchymal tumors. The former ones are common gynecological diseases, whereas malignant mesenchymal tumors, which behave in a much more aggressive way, are quite rare with a poorer prognosis. The most common ty...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Tumor biology 2015-09, Vol.36 (9), p.6615-6621
Main Authors: Brany, D., Dvorska, D., Nachajova, M., Slavik, P., Burjanivova, T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cancer Research
Carcinogenesis - genetics
Endometrial cancer
Endometrial Neoplasms - genetics
Endometrial Neoplasms - pathology
Female
Humans
Leiomyosarcoma - genetics
Leiomyosarcoma - pathology
Mesoderm - pathology
Molecular biology
Neoplasm Proteins - genetics
Prognosis
Review
Tumors
Uterine cancer
Uterine Neoplasms - genetics
Uterine Neoplasms - pathology
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Summary:Tumors of the uterine corpus can be divided into two main groups: endometrial tumors and mesenchymal tumors. The former ones are common gynecological diseases, whereas malignant mesenchymal tumors, which behave in a much more aggressive way, are quite rare with a poorer prognosis. The most common type of endometrial tumors is endometrioid adenocarcinomas, and in case of mesenchymal tumors, these are carcinosarcomas, or leiomyosarcomas, if only clear types of tumors are taken into account. The objective of this article is to review molecular-genetic abnormalities associated with tumorigenesis of both types of tumors, with focus on the most aggressive forms. This view includes a different expression pattern of genes, usually aberrant in cases of uterine cancer that can arise due to epigenetic modifications, mostly hypermethylation of promoters or microRNA (miRNA)’s interference with concrete genes. Furthermore, clinical predispositions of tumorigenesis, involving hormonal factors, age, and ethnicity, are also mentioned.
ISSN:1010-4283
1423-0380
DOI:10.1007/s13277-015-3824-1