Mucocutaneous manifestations of helminth infections: Nematodes

In the 21st century, despite increased globalization through international travel for business, medical volunteerism, pleasure, and immigration/refugees into the United States, there is little published in the dermatology literature regarding the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections. Appr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2015-12, Vol.73 (6), p.929-44; quiz 945-6
Main Authors: Lupi, Omar, Downing, Christopher, Lee, Michael, Pino, Livia, Bravo, Francisco, Giglio, Patricia, Sethi, Aisha, Klaus, Sidney, Sangueza, Omar P, Fuller, Claire, Mendoza, Natalia, Ladizinski, Barry, Woc-Colburn, Laila, Tyring, Stephen K
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antinematodal Agents - therapeutic use
Biopsy, Needle
Disease Progression
Endemic Diseases
Female
Helminthiasis - diagnosis
Helminthiasis - drug therapy
Helminthiasis - epidemiology
Helminths - isolation & purification
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Incidence
Male
Nematoda - isolation & purification
Nematode Infections - diagnosis
Nematode Infections - drug therapy
Nematode Infections - epidemiology
Prognosis
Risk Assessment
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - diagnosis
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - epidemiology
Skin Diseases, Parasitic - therapy
Treatment Outcome
Tropical Climate
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Summary:In the 21st century, despite increased globalization through international travel for business, medical volunteerism, pleasure, and immigration/refugees into the United States, there is little published in the dermatology literature regarding the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections. Approximately 17% of travelers seek medical care because of cutaneous disorders, many related to infectious etiologies. This review will focus on the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections and is divided into 2 parts: part I focuses on nematode infections, and part II focuses on trematode and cestode infections. This review highlights the clinical manifestations, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of helminth infections. Nematodes are roundworms that cause diseases with cutaneous manifestations, such as cutaneous larval migrans, onchocerciasis, filariasis, gnathostomiasis, loiasis, dracunculiasis, strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, streptocerciasis, dirofilariasis, and trichinosis. Tremadotes, also known as flukes, cause schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, and fascioliasis. Cestodes (tapeworms) are flat, hermaphroditic parasites that cause diseases such as sparganosis, cysticercosis, and echinococcus.
ISSN:1097-6787
DOI:10.1016/j.jaad.2014.11.034