Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC): Disease, carriage and clones

Summary Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have a complex phylogeny, broad virulence factor (VF) armament and significant genomic plasticity, and are associated with a spectrum of host infective syndromes ranging from simple urinary tract infection to life-threatening bacteraemia....

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of infection 2015-12, Vol.71 (6), p.615-626
Main Authors: Dale, Adam P, Woodford, Neil
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Bacteremia - microbiology
Clones
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli - classification
Escherichia coli - genetics
Escherichia coli - isolation & purification
Escherichia coli - pathogenicity
Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology
ExPEC
Humans
Infectious Disease
Intestines - microbiology
Phylogeny
Serotyping
Symbiosis
Urinary Tract Infections - microbiology
Virulence factors
Virulence Factors - genetics
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Summary:Summary Extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) have a complex phylogeny, broad virulence factor (VF) armament and significant genomic plasticity, and are associated with a spectrum of host infective syndromes ranging from simple urinary tract infection to life-threatening bacteraemia. Their importance as pathogens has come to the fore in recent years, particularly in the context of the global emergence of hyper-virulent and antibiotic resistant strains. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying ExPEC transmission dynamics and clonal selection remain poorly understood. Large-scale epidemiological and clinical studies are urgently required to ascertain the mechanisms underlying these processes to enable the development of novel evidence-based preventative and therapeutic strategies. In the current review, we provide a concise summary of the methods utilised for ExPEC phylogenetic delineation before exploring in detail the associations between ExPEC VFs and site-specific disease. We then consider the role of ExPEC as an intestinal colonist and outline known associations between ExPEC clonal variation, specific disease syndromes and antibiotic resistance.
ISSN:0163-4453
1532-2742
DOI:10.1016/j.jinf.2015.09.009