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Removal of Pb(II) from water by the activated carbon modified by nitric acid under microwave heating

[Display omitted] •The rice husk based activated carbon was modified by nitric acid under microwave heating.•The sample of modified activated carbon was characterized by BET, XRD, Raman spectrum, etc.•Removal capacity of Pb(II) ions by the modified activated carbon was investigated.•Two kinetic mode...

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Published in:Journal of colloid and interface science 2016-02, Vol.463, p.118-127
Main Authors: Yao, Shuheng, Zhang, Jiajun, Shen, Dekui, Xiao, Rui, Gu, Sai, Zhao, Ming, Liang, Junyu
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:[Display omitted] •The rice husk based activated carbon was modified by nitric acid under microwave heating.•The sample of modified activated carbon was characterized by BET, XRD, Raman spectrum, etc.•Removal capacity of Pb(II) ions by the modified activated carbon was investigated.•Two kinetic models were adopted for describing the Pb(II) adsorption process by modified activated carbon. The rice husk based activated carbon (RH-AC) was treated by nitric acid under microwave heating, in order to improve its capability for the removal of heavy metal ions from water. The optimal conditions for the modification of RH-AC (M-RH-AC) were determined by means of orthogonal array experimental design, giving those as the concentration of nitric acid of 8mol/L, modification time of 15min, modification temperature of 130°C and microwave power of 800W. The characteristics of the M-RH-AC and RH-AC were examined by BET, XRD, Raman spectrum, pH titration, zeta potential, Boehm titration and FTIR analysis. The M-RH-AC has lower pore surface area, smaller crystallite, lower pHIEP and more oxygen-containing functional groups than the RH-AC. Removal capacity of Pb(II) ions by the M-RH-AC and RH-AC from water solution was estimated concerning the influence of contact time, pH value, and initial concentration. The equilibrium time of Pb(II) removal was found to be around 90min after modification process. Two kinetic models are adopted to describe the possible Pb(II) adsorption mechanism, finding that the adsorption rate of Pb(II) ions by the M-RH-AC is larger than that of RH-AC.
ISSN:0021-9797
1095-7103
DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2015.10.047