Elevated TCDD in Chicken Eggs and Farm-Raised Catfish Fed a Diet with Ball Clay from a Southern United States Mine

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) terminated the use of ball clay from a mine in Mississippi as an additive in animal feed after discovering nanogram per gram concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The FDA collected chicken eggs and farm-raised catfish in aff...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental research 1999-10, Vol.81 (3), p.248-256
Main Authors: Hayward, Douglas G, Nortrup, David, Gardner, Albert, Clower, Marion
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Aluminum Silicates
Animal aquaculture
Animal Feed
Animal productions
Animals
Biological and medical sciences
Chickens
Eggs
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Food Contamination
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Ictaluridae
Mining
Pisciculture
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analysis
Southeastern United States
Tilapia
USA, Food and Drug Administration
USA, Mississippi
Vertebrate aquaculture
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Summary:The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) terminated the use of ball clay from a mine in Mississippi as an additive in animal feed after discovering nanogram per gram concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). The FDA collected chicken eggs and farm-raised catfish in affected areas and throughout the remaining continental United States to assess levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD. A new method using quadrupole ion storage tandem-in-time mass spectrometry (QISTMS) measured the 2,3,7,8-TCDD levels in 42 catfish fillet composites, 3 Tilapia fillet composites, 46 chicken egg samples, and 6 chicken feeds. Six catfish composites and 20 egg samples had 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentrations significantly above 1.0 pg/g wet weight of fillet or whole egg. Farm-raised catfish not exposed to feed containing ball clay had a mean 2,3,7,8-TCDD concentration of 0.12 pg/g. The TCDD isomer pattern in ball clay differed from the TCDD isomer pattern in a fly ash sample and from the “chick edema factor” TCDD pattern in a sample of reference toxic fat used as a feed ingredient in the 1950s.
ISSN:0013-9351
1096-0953
DOI:10.1006/enrs.1999.3976