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Comparative Breeding Ecology of Cooper's Hawks in Urban and Exurban Areas of Southeastern Arizona
One step in assessing the quality of an urban environment as habitat for a species is to compare its breeding ecology and productivity in urban and exurban (i.e., undeveloped, natural) areas. We studied Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Tucson, Arizona, and in exurban areas in southeastern...
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Published in: | The Journal of wildlife management 1999-01, Vol.63 (1), p.77-84 |
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description | One step in assessing the quality of an urban environment as habitat for a species is to compare its breeding ecology and productivity in urban and exurban (i.e., undeveloped, natural) areas. We studied Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Tucson, Arizona, and in exurban areas in southeastern Arizona, 1994-96. Urban pairs nested earlier (P < 0.001) and had larger clutches (P = 0.085) than exurban pairs. Nestling mortality was greater among urban nests (50.3%) than exurban nests (4.9%). The primary cause of death among urban nestlings was trichomoniasis (79.9%), which was a consistent mortality factor among years (P = 0.402). An overall failure rate among urban nests (52.6%) was greater than at exurban nests (20.5%; P < 0.001). Although the role of bird feeding in the spread of trichomoniasis remains unclear, promoting "dove-proof" feeders or abstinence from bird feeding may minimize the spread of the disease among prey species, thereby reducing mortality of nestling Cooper's hawks. The greatest cause of mortality among free-ranging Cooper's hawks in the urban area was collisions (69.8%), primarily with windows. Techniques to decrease window collisions should be promoted to reduce window-strike mortalities among both Cooper's hawks and their prey. Cooper's hawks also are occasionally aggressive when defending their nests from perceived threats, which may lead to fear and persecution by city residents. Hence, environmental education may be an important component of managing this species in urban settings. |
doi_str_mv | 10.2307/3802488 |
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William</creator><creatorcontrib>Boal, Clint W. ; Mannan, R. William</creatorcontrib><description>One step in assessing the quality of an urban environment as habitat for a species is to compare its breeding ecology and productivity in urban and exurban (i.e., undeveloped, natural) areas. We studied Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Tucson, Arizona, and in exurban areas in southeastern Arizona, 1994-96. Urban pairs nested earlier (P < 0.001) and had larger clutches (P = 0.085) than exurban pairs. Nestling mortality was greater among urban nests (50.3%) than exurban nests (4.9%). The primary cause of death among urban nestlings was trichomoniasis (79.9%), which was a consistent mortality factor among years (P = 0.402). An overall failure rate among urban nests (52.6%) was greater than at exurban nests (20.5%; P < 0.001). Although the role of bird feeding in the spread of trichomoniasis remains unclear, promoting "dove-proof" feeders or abstinence from bird feeding may minimize the spread of the disease among prey species, thereby reducing mortality of nestling Cooper's hawks. The greatest cause of mortality among free-ranging Cooper's hawks in the urban area was collisions (69.8%), primarily with windows. Techniques to decrease window collisions should be promoted to reduce window-strike mortalities among both Cooper's hawks and their prey. Cooper's hawks also are occasionally aggressive when defending their nests from perceived threats, which may lead to fear and persecution by city residents. 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Psychology ; Hawks ; Mannans ; Mortality ; Urban areas ; Urban ecology ; Urban environment ; Urban environments ; USA, Arizona ; Vertebrata ; Wildlife ; Wildlife management</subject><ispartof>The Journal of wildlife management, 1999-01, Vol.63 (1), p.77-84</ispartof><rights>Copyright 1999 The Wildlife Society</rights><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Wildlife Society Jan 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-9faa5ad3bc696526c2a64fb7f8b8a063dc2d26221421234cdcdf2e0e9f6b75083</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3802488$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3802488$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,4024,27923,27924,27925,58238,58471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1700185$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Boal, Clint W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mannan, R. William</creatorcontrib><title>Comparative Breeding Ecology of Cooper's Hawks in Urban and Exurban Areas of Southeastern Arizona</title><title>The Journal of wildlife management</title><description>One step in assessing the quality of an urban environment as habitat for a species is to compare its breeding ecology and productivity in urban and exurban (i.e., undeveloped, natural) areas. We studied Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Tucson, Arizona, and in exurban areas in southeastern Arizona, 1994-96. Urban pairs nested earlier (P < 0.001) and had larger clutches (P = 0.085) than exurban pairs. Nestling mortality was greater among urban nests (50.3%) than exurban nests (4.9%). The primary cause of death among urban nestlings was trichomoniasis (79.9%), which was a consistent mortality factor among years (P = 0.402). An overall failure rate among urban nests (52.6%) was greater than at exurban nests (20.5%; P < 0.001). Although the role of bird feeding in the spread of trichomoniasis remains unclear, promoting "dove-proof" feeders or abstinence from bird feeding may minimize the spread of the disease among prey species, thereby reducing mortality of nestling Cooper's hawks. The greatest cause of mortality among free-ranging Cooper's hawks in the urban area was collisions (69.8%), primarily with windows. Techniques to decrease window collisions should be promoted to reduce window-strike mortalities among both Cooper's hawks and their prey. Cooper's hawks also are occasionally aggressive when defending their nests from perceived threats, which may lead to fear and persecution by city residents. Hence, environmental education may be an important component of managing this species in urban settings.</description><subject>Accipiter cooperii</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal nesting</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autoecology</subject><subject>Aves</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bird nesting</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Birds of prey</subject><subject>Breeding</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hawks</subject><subject>Mannans</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Urban areas</subject><subject>Urban ecology</subject><subject>Urban environment</subject><subject>Urban environments</subject><subject>USA, Arizona</subject><subject>Vertebrata</subject><subject>Wildlife</subject><subject>Wildlife management</subject><issn>0022-541X</issn><issn>1937-2817</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp1kF1LwzAUhoMoOKf4F4KIu6rmo03Ty1mmEwZe6MC7cpoms7NratKq89fbucFA8Oq8HB4eXl6Ezim5ZpzEN1wSFkp5gAY04XHAJI0P0YAQxoIopC_H6MT7JSGcUikGCFK7asBBW35ofOu0Lsp6gSfKVnaxxtbg1NpGu5HHU_h887is8dzlUGOoCzz56n7z2GnwG_jJdu1rn1vtNt_y29Zwio4MVF6f7e4Qze8mz-k0mD3eP6TjWaBCErVBYgAiKHiuRCIiJhQDEZo8NjKXQAQvFCuYYIyGjDIeqkIVhmmiEyPyOCKSD9HV1ts4-95p32ar0itdVVBr2_mMxmFIY8J78OIPuLSdq_tuWS9msq8jemi0hZSz3jttssaVK3DrjJJss3O227knL3c68Aoq46BWpd_jMSFURnts6Vvr_rX9AJZkhmY</recordid><startdate>19990101</startdate><enddate>19990101</enddate><creator>Boal, Clint W.</creator><creator>Mannan, R. William</creator><general>The Wildlife Society</general><general>Wildlife Society</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19990101</creationdate><title>Comparative Breeding Ecology of Cooper's Hawks in Urban and Exurban Areas of Southeastern Arizona</title><author>Boal, Clint W. ; Mannan, R. William</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c405t-9faa5ad3bc696526c2a64fb7f8b8a063dc2d26221421234cdcdf2e0e9f6b75083</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Accipiter cooperii</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal nesting</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Autoecology</topic><topic>Aves</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bird nesting</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Birds of prey</topic><topic>Breeding</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hawks</topic><topic>Mannans</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Urban areas</topic><topic>Urban ecology</topic><topic>Urban environment</topic><topic>Urban environments</topic><topic>USA, Arizona</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><topic>Wildlife</topic><topic>Wildlife management</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Boal, Clint W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mannan, R. William</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Boal, Clint W.</au><au>Mannan, R. William</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Comparative Breeding Ecology of Cooper's Hawks in Urban and Exurban Areas of Southeastern Arizona</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of wildlife management</jtitle><date>1999-01-01</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>77</spage><epage>84</epage><pages>77-84</pages><issn>0022-541X</issn><eissn>1937-2817</eissn><coden>JWMAA9</coden><abstract>One step in assessing the quality of an urban environment as habitat for a species is to compare its breeding ecology and productivity in urban and exurban (i.e., undeveloped, natural) areas. We studied Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Tucson, Arizona, and in exurban areas in southeastern Arizona, 1994-96. Urban pairs nested earlier (P < 0.001) and had larger clutches (P = 0.085) than exurban pairs. Nestling mortality was greater among urban nests (50.3%) than exurban nests (4.9%). The primary cause of death among urban nestlings was trichomoniasis (79.9%), which was a consistent mortality factor among years (P = 0.402). An overall failure rate among urban nests (52.6%) was greater than at exurban nests (20.5%; P < 0.001). Although the role of bird feeding in the spread of trichomoniasis remains unclear, promoting "dove-proof" feeders or abstinence from bird feeding may minimize the spread of the disease among prey species, thereby reducing mortality of nestling Cooper's hawks. The greatest cause of mortality among free-ranging Cooper's hawks in the urban area was collisions (69.8%), primarily with windows. Techniques to decrease window collisions should be promoted to reduce window-strike mortalities among both Cooper's hawks and their prey. Cooper's hawks also are occasionally aggressive when defending their nests from perceived threats, which may lead to fear and persecution by city residents. Hence, environmental education may be an important component of managing this species in urban settings.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>The Wildlife Society</pub><doi>10.2307/3802488</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Accipiter cooperii Animal and plant ecology Animal nesting Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Autoecology Aves Biological and medical sciences Bird nesting Birds Birds of prey Breeding Disease Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hawks Mannans Mortality Urban areas Urban ecology Urban environment Urban environments USA, Arizona Vertebrata Wildlife Wildlife management |
title | Comparative Breeding Ecology of Cooper's Hawks in Urban and Exurban Areas of Southeastern Arizona |
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