Evidence for stratospheric sudden warming effects on the upper thermosphere derived from satellite orbital decay data during 1967-2013

• Published in: Geophysical research letters 2015-08, Vol.42 (15), p.6180-6188
• Main Authors: Yamazaki, Yosuke, Kosch, Michael J., Emmert, John T.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Atmosphere; Climate change; Data; Data processing; Decay; Density; Drag; Empirical analysis; Fluid flow; Geomagnetic activity; Geomagnetism; Geophysics; Global warming; Loads (forces); Lower atmosphere; Mass; Meteorology; Orbitals; Perturbation methods; Polar vortex; polar vortex weakening; Reduction; Relative density; satellite drag; Satellites; Solar activity; Stratosphere; stratospheric sudden warming; Temperature; Temperature effects; Thermosphere; total mass density; Upper thermosphere; Variability; vertical atmospheric coupling; Vortices
• ISSN: 0094-8276; 1944-8007
• DOI: 10.1002/2015GL065395

We investigate possible impact of stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) on the thermosphere by using long‐term data of the global average thermospheric total mass density derived from satellite orbital drag during 1967–2013. Residuals are analyzed between the data and empirical Global Average Mass Density Model (GAMDM) that takes into account density variability due to solar activity, season, geomagnetic activity, and long‐term trend. A superposed epoch analysis of 37 SSW events reveals a density reduction of 3–7% at 250–575 km around the time of maximum polar vortex weakening. The relative density perturbation is found to be greater at higher altitudes. The temperature perturbation is estimated to be −7.0 K at 400 km. We show that the density reduction can arise from enhanced wave forcing from the lower atmosphere. Key Points A statistical analysis is performed for SSW effects on the thermosphere A significant density reduction is revealed during SSWs We suggest wave forcing from the lower atmosphere as a possible mechanism