Visuo-motor adaptation in smokeless tobacco users

Ten smokeless tobacco (ST) users and 11 non-smokers participated in a visuo-motor adaptation experiment in which the visual feedback of point-to-point horizontal arm movements, displayed in real-time on a computer screen, was rotated by 45° counterclockwise for some trials. Visuo-motor performance b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Nicotine & tobacco research 1999-09, Vol.1 (3), p.219-227
Main Authors: Contreras-Vidal, Jose L., Van Den Heuvel, C. Elisa, Teulings, Hans-Leo, Stelmach, George E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Physiological
Adult
Female
Ganglionic Stimulants - adverse effects
Humans
Male
Motor Skills - drug effects
Nicotine - adverse effects
Plants, Toxic
Reaction Time
smokeless tobacco
Tobacco, Smokeless - adverse effects
Visual Perception
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Summary:Ten smokeless tobacco (ST) users and 11 non-smokers participated in a visuo-motor adaptation experiment in which the visual feedback of point-to-point horizontal arm movements, displayed in real-time on a computer screen, was rotated by 45° counterclockwise for some trials. Visuo-motor performance between smokers and non-smokers was compared on three occasions, once after at least 8 h of tobacco abstinence (Session 1), a second time following ST intake (Session 2), and a third time 45 min after the original ST intake (Session 3). Non-smokers were tested at the same relative times as the smokers in the absence of any tobacco. Both groups performed the three conditions during each session: baseline (normal visual feedback), rotated visual feedback (45° visual feedback rotation), and post-adaptation (normal visual feedback immediately following feedback rotation). Compared with non-smokers, ST users had significantly larger normalized jerk scores (a measure of movement smoothness) after ST intake during the adaptation and post-adaptation conditions in Sessions 2 and 3, but not during the baseline conditions, implying a differential effect of ST use specific to rotated visual feedback. Movement duration was also longer for smokers than for non-smokers after ST intake, but only in the post-adaptation condition. Overall the results suggest that ST use, and hence nicotine, has a detrimental effect on visuo-motor performance, particularly on movement smoothness.
ISSN:1462-2203
1469-994X
DOI:10.1080/14622299050011331