Methyl 3-Hydroxymyristate, a Diffusible Signal Mediating phc Quorum Sensing in Ralstonia solanacearum

• Published in: Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology 2015-11, Vol.16 (16), p.2309-2318
• Main Authors: Kai, Kenji, Ohnishi, Hideyuki, Shimatani, Mika, Ishikawa, Shiho, Mori, Yuka, Kiba, Akinori, Ohnishi, Kouhei, Tabuchi, Mitsuaki, Hikichi, Yasufumi
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Bacterial Proteins - classification; Bacterial Proteins - genetics; Bacterial Proteins - metabolism; Bacteriology; Biological Products - chemistry; Biological Products - metabolism; diffusible signals; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Kinases; Myristates - chemistry; Myristates - isolation & purification; Myristates - metabolism; natural products; Palmitic Acids - chemistry; Palmitic Acids - metabolism; Phylogeny; quorum sensing; Quorum Sensing - genetics; Quorum Sensing - physiology; Ralstonia solanacearum; Ralstonia solanacearum - genetics; Ralstonia solanacearum - metabolism; Regulatory Elements, Transcriptional - genetics; Stereoisomerism; structure elucidation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Virulence Factors - genetics; Virulence Factors - metabolism
• ISSN: 1439-4227; 1439-7633
• DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500456

Ralstonia solanacearum, a plant pathogenic bacterium causing “bacterial wilt” on crops, uses a quorum sensing (QS) system consisting of phc regulatory elements to control its virulence. Methyl 3‐hydroxypalmitate (3‐OH PAME) was previously identified as the QS signal in strain AW1. However, 3‐OH PAME has not been reportedly detected from any other strains, and this suggests that they produce another unknown QS signal. Here we identify (R)‐methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate [(R)‐3‐OH MAME] as a new QS signal that regulates the production of virulence factors and secondary metabolites. (R)‐3‐OH MAME was synthesized by the methyltransferase PhcB and sensed by the histidine kinase PhcS. The phylogenetic trees of these proteins from R. solanacearum strains were divided into two groups, according to their QS signal types—(R)‐3‐OH MAME or (R)‐3‐OH PAME. These results demonstrate that (R)‐3‐OH MAME is another crucial QS signal and highlight the unique evolution of QS systems in R. solanacearum. Chemical signaling in Ralstonia: We report that (R)‐methyl 3‐hydroxymyristate [(R)‐3‐OH MAME] is a quorum sensing (QS) signal that regulates the production of virulence factors in Ralstonia solanacearum strain OE1‐1. (R)‐3‐OH MAME was also produced by many other strains. Thus, the compound is another Ralstonia QS signal that has been overlooked for nearly two decades.