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Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate
Heavy metal chemical stabilization with soluble PO 4 3− was assessed for bottom ash from combustion of municipal solid waste. Bottom ash can contain heavy metals (e.g. Pb) that can leach. An experimental dose of 0.38 mols of soluble PO 4 3− per kg of residue was used without optimizing the formulati...
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Published in: | Waste management (Elmsford) 2000-01, Vol.20 (2), p.135-148 |
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container_start_page | 135 |
container_title | Waste management (Elmsford) |
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creator | Crannell, Bradley S. Eighmy, T.Taylor Krzanowski, James E. Eusden, J.Dykstra Shaw, Elisabeth L. Francis, Carl A. |
description | Heavy metal chemical stabilization with soluble PO
4
3− was assessed for bottom ash from combustion of municipal solid waste. Bottom ash can contain heavy metals (e.g. Pb) that can leach. An experimental dose of 0.38 mols of soluble PO
4
3− per kg of residue was used without optimizing the formulation for any one heavy metal. The reduction in the fraction available for leaching according to the total availability leaching test was 52% for Ca, 14% for Cd, 98% for Cu, 99% for Pb, and 36% for Zn. pH-dependent leaching (pH 4, 6, 8) showed that the treatment was able to reduce equilibrium concentrations by 0.5 to 3 log units for these heavy metals. Bulk and surface spectroscopies showed that both crystalline and amorphous precipitates were present as insoluble metal phosphate reaction products. Dominant reaction products were calcium phosphates, tertiary metal phosphates, and apatite family minerals. Observed phases included, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2 (tertiary calcium phosphate); Ca
5(PO
4)
3OH (calcium hydroxyapatite); Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl (lead chloropyromorphite); and Pb
5(PO
4)
3OH (lead hydroxypyromorphite). These are considered to be very geochemically stable mineral phases. The geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2 was modified to include both extensive phosphate minerals and simple ideal solid solutions in order to better model pH-dependent leaching. Both end members [e.g. Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2] and ideal solid solutions [e.g. (Pb
2,Ca)(PO
4)
2] were observed as controlling solids for Ca
2+, Zn
2+, Pb
2+, and Cu
2+. Controlling solids were not identified for Cd
2+ because pH dependent concentrations were generally below detection limits. The divalent metal cations in bottom ash were effectively stabilized by treatment with soluble PO
4
3−. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00312-8 |
format | article |
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4
3− was assessed for bottom ash from combustion of municipal solid waste. Bottom ash can contain heavy metals (e.g. Pb) that can leach. An experimental dose of 0.38 mols of soluble PO
4
3− per kg of residue was used without optimizing the formulation for any one heavy metal. The reduction in the fraction available for leaching according to the total availability leaching test was 52% for Ca, 14% for Cd, 98% for Cu, 99% for Pb, and 36% for Zn. pH-dependent leaching (pH 4, 6, 8) showed that the treatment was able to reduce equilibrium concentrations by 0.5 to 3 log units for these heavy metals. Bulk and surface spectroscopies showed that both crystalline and amorphous precipitates were present as insoluble metal phosphate reaction products. Dominant reaction products were calcium phosphates, tertiary metal phosphates, and apatite family minerals. Observed phases included, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2 (tertiary calcium phosphate); Ca
5(PO
4)
3OH (calcium hydroxyapatite); Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl (lead chloropyromorphite); and Pb
5(PO
4)
3OH (lead hydroxypyromorphite). These are considered to be very geochemically stable mineral phases. The geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2 was modified to include both extensive phosphate minerals and simple ideal solid solutions in order to better model pH-dependent leaching. Both end members [e.g. Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2] and ideal solid solutions [e.g. (Pb
2,Ca)(PO
4)
2] were observed as controlling solids for Ca
2+, Zn
2+, Pb
2+, and Cu
2+. Controlling solids were not identified for Cd
2+ because pH dependent concentrations were generally below detection limits. The divalent metal cations in bottom ash were effectively stabilized by treatment with soluble PO
4
3−.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0956-053X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2456</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00312-8</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; Exact sciences and technology ; Heavy metals ; Lead ; Municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash ; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge ; Phosphate ; Pollution ; Stabilization ; Wastes</subject><ispartof>Waste management (Elmsford), 2000-01, Vol.20 (2), p.135-148</ispartof><rights>2000 Elsevier Science Ltd</rights><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-c94aea5adcd9c323f98a985b904ef5ae9be5064dd76318357390508756d842c33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-c94aea5adcd9c323f98a985b904ef5ae9be5064dd76318357390508756d842c33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>309,310,314,780,784,789,790,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1293110$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Crannell, Bradley S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eighmy, T.Taylor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krzanowski, James E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eusden, J.Dykstra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Elisabeth L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Francis, Carl A.</creatorcontrib><title>Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate</title><title>Waste management (Elmsford)</title><description>Heavy metal chemical stabilization with soluble PO
4
3− was assessed for bottom ash from combustion of municipal solid waste. Bottom ash can contain heavy metals (e.g. Pb) that can leach. An experimental dose of 0.38 mols of soluble PO
4
3− per kg of residue was used without optimizing the formulation for any one heavy metal. The reduction in the fraction available for leaching according to the total availability leaching test was 52% for Ca, 14% for Cd, 98% for Cu, 99% for Pb, and 36% for Zn. pH-dependent leaching (pH 4, 6, 8) showed that the treatment was able to reduce equilibrium concentrations by 0.5 to 3 log units for these heavy metals. Bulk and surface spectroscopies showed that both crystalline and amorphous precipitates were present as insoluble metal phosphate reaction products. Dominant reaction products were calcium phosphates, tertiary metal phosphates, and apatite family minerals. Observed phases included, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2 (tertiary calcium phosphate); Ca
5(PO
4)
3OH (calcium hydroxyapatite); Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl (lead chloropyromorphite); and Pb
5(PO
4)
3OH (lead hydroxypyromorphite). These are considered to be very geochemically stable mineral phases. The geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2 was modified to include both extensive phosphate minerals and simple ideal solid solutions in order to better model pH-dependent leaching. Both end members [e.g. Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2] and ideal solid solutions [e.g. (Pb
2,Ca)(PO
4)
2] were observed as controlling solids for Ca
2+, Zn
2+, Pb
2+, and Cu
2+. Controlling solids were not identified for Cd
2+ because pH dependent concentrations were generally below detection limits. The divalent metal cations in bottom ash were effectively stabilized by treatment with soluble PO
4
3−.</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Heavy metals</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash</subject><subject>Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge</subject><subject>Phosphate</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>Stabilization</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><issn>0956-053X</issn><issn>1879-2456</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEFv1DAQhS1UJLYLPwHJB1SVQ8CO7cQ-oaoCilSJA1TqzUycCWuUxGnGKSq_ns1uBcee5jDfe0_6GHstxTspZPX-m3CmKoRRt-fOvRVCybKwz9hG2toVpTbVCdv8Q16wU6JfQkhtpdiwH1cI9w98wAw9pwxN7OMfyDGNPI58WMYY4rS-Uh9b_hsoIw9paBY6ME3KOQ0caMcXiuPPlVuaHvm0SzTtIONL9ryDnvDV492ym08fv19eFddfP3-5vLguglYuF8FpQDDQhtYFVarOWXDWNE5o7Ayga9CISrdtXSlplamVE0bY2lSt1WVQasvOjr3TnO4WpOyHSAH7HkZMC3lZa7s3o58GtSmN3lvcMnMEw5yIZuz8NMcB5gcvhV_F-4N4v1r1zvmDeG_3uTePA0AB-m6GMUT6Hy6dknKt_3DEcG_lPuLsKUQcA7ZxxpB9m-ITQ38Bq1GY7w</recordid><startdate>20000101</startdate><enddate>20000101</enddate><creator>Crannell, Bradley S.</creator><creator>Eighmy, T.Taylor</creator><creator>Krzanowski, James E.</creator><creator>Eusden, J.Dykstra</creator><creator>Shaw, Elisabeth L.</creator><creator>Francis, Carl A.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000101</creationdate><title>Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate</title><author>Crannell, Bradley S. ; Eighmy, T.Taylor ; Krzanowski, James E. ; Eusden, J.Dykstra ; Shaw, Elisabeth L. ; Francis, Carl A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c439t-c94aea5adcd9c323f98a985b904ef5ae9be5064dd76318357390508756d842c33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Heavy metals</topic><topic>Lead</topic><topic>Municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash</topic><topic>Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge</topic><topic>Phosphate</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>Stabilization</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crannell, Bradley S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eighmy, T.Taylor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Krzanowski, James E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eusden, J.Dykstra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shaw, Elisabeth L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Francis, Carl A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crannell, Bradley S.</au><au>Eighmy, T.Taylor</au><au>Krzanowski, James E.</au><au>Eusden, J.Dykstra</au><au>Shaw, Elisabeth L.</au><au>Francis, Carl A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate</atitle><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle><date>2000-01-01</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>135</spage><epage>148</epage><pages>135-148</pages><issn>0956-053X</issn><eissn>1879-2456</eissn><abstract>Heavy metal chemical stabilization with soluble PO
4
3− was assessed for bottom ash from combustion of municipal solid waste. Bottom ash can contain heavy metals (e.g. Pb) that can leach. An experimental dose of 0.38 mols of soluble PO
4
3− per kg of residue was used without optimizing the formulation for any one heavy metal. The reduction in the fraction available for leaching according to the total availability leaching test was 52% for Ca, 14% for Cd, 98% for Cu, 99% for Pb, and 36% for Zn. pH-dependent leaching (pH 4, 6, 8) showed that the treatment was able to reduce equilibrium concentrations by 0.5 to 3 log units for these heavy metals. Bulk and surface spectroscopies showed that both crystalline and amorphous precipitates were present as insoluble metal phosphate reaction products. Dominant reaction products were calcium phosphates, tertiary metal phosphates, and apatite family minerals. Observed phases included, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2 (tertiary calcium phosphate); Ca
5(PO
4)
3OH (calcium hydroxyapatite); Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl (lead chloropyromorphite); and Pb
5(PO
4)
3OH (lead hydroxypyromorphite). These are considered to be very geochemically stable mineral phases. The geochemical thermodynamic equilibrium model MINTEQA2 was modified to include both extensive phosphate minerals and simple ideal solid solutions in order to better model pH-dependent leaching. Both end members [e.g. Pb
5(PO
4)
3Cl, β-Ca
3(PO
4)
2] and ideal solid solutions [e.g. (Pb
2,Ca)(PO
4)
2] were observed as controlling solids for Ca
2+, Zn
2+, Pb
2+, and Cu
2+. Controlling solids were not identified for Cd
2+ because pH dependent concentrations were generally below detection limits. The divalent metal cations in bottom ash were effectively stabilized by treatment with soluble PO
4
3−.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00312-8</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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ispartof | Waste management (Elmsford), 2000-01, Vol.20 (2), p.135-148 |
issn | 0956-053X 1879-2456 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17480314 |
source | ScienceDirect Freedom Collection 2022-2024 |
subjects | Applied sciences Exact sciences and technology Heavy metals Lead Municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge Phosphate Pollution Stabilization Wastes |
title | Heavy metal stabilization in municipal solid waste combustion bottom ash using soluble phosphate |
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