Loading…
Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain
A gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid‐phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis‐...
Saved in:
| Published in: | Journal of applied toxicology 2004-07, Vol.24 (4), p.283-287 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Citations: | Items that this one cites Items that cite this one |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| cited_by | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43 |
|---|---|
| cites | cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43 |
| container_end_page | 287 |
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 283 |
| container_title | Journal of applied toxicology |
| container_volume | 24 |
| creator | Fernández, P. Buján, L. Bermejo, A. M. Tabernero, M. J. |
| description | A gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid‐phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis‐trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide–trimethylchlorosilane (1%), calibration curves were constructed over 0.4–4 µg ml−1 for urine and 0.1–2 µg ml−1 for blood, using proadifen as the reference compound. The average extraction recoveries were 75% for urine and 78% for blood. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.071 and 0.24 µg ml−1, respectively. Coefficients of variation were |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/jat.994 |
| format | article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17504208</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>17504208</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp10E1v1DAQBmALgei2IP4B8oX2gFLGsfPhY1XaBbQqAorKzZo4NuuSxIudqFTqj6-3WbUnTj7MM-9YLyFvGBwzgPzDNY7HUopnZMFAyozlJX9OFpCXkAle_doj-zFeA6RZXr8ke6zgABUrF-RuiZHqdfA9jv53wM3aadqa0YTeDTg6P1BvqfYa3WAoDi11Y6S9GbHxnRtNpG6gTed9-zCcwpbZFPe4M0UTHtTgw7i-MTFlD_THJg1fkRcWu2he794D8vP87PL0U7b6uvx8erLKtGC5yKpKG82NLAshW6iNbbDOhagsb1gtrSx1DlxoKSpd5qyuEVu2NWi5ZI0W_IAczrmb4P9O6Qeqd1GbrsPB-CkqVhUgcqgTPJqhDj7GYKzaBNdjuFUM1LZolYpWqegk3-4ip6Y37ZPbNZvAux3AqLGzAQft4pMrAeqigOTez-7Gdeb2f_fUl5PL-Ww2a5dq_PeoMfxRZcWrQl1dLNX3FVx8XJbf1BW_B9rRpO8</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>17504208</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain</title><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection</source><creator>Fernández, P. ; Buján, L. ; Bermejo, A. M. ; Tabernero, M. J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Fernández, P. ; Buján, L. ; Bermejo, A. M. ; Tabernero, M. J.</creatorcontrib><description>A gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid‐phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis‐trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide–trimethylchlorosilane (1%), calibration curves were constructed over 0.4–4 µg ml−1 for urine and 0.1–2 µg ml−1 for blood, using proadifen as the reference compound. The average extraction recoveries were 75% for urine and 78% for blood. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.071 and 0.24 µg ml−1, respectively. Coefficients of variation were <10% and accuracy was within ±12%. The average blood concentrations of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in 42 living patients were 0.22, 1.43 and 0.16 µg ml−1, respectively. Urine samples were collected from individuals in the criminal justice system (70 cases), from drug abusers admitted to emergency rooms (36 cases) and from patients under detoxification treatment (36 cases). The second group exhibited the highest average concentrations (e.g. 0.97 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 5.23 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.39 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Sixty‐five fatal intoxications due to cocaine alone or in combination with other drugs were studied, and average blood levels were found to be higher in the deaths related to cocaine alone (e.g. 0.40 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 2.38 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.38 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0260-437X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1099-1263</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/jat.994</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15300716</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JJATDK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>benzoylecgonine ; Biological and medical sciences ; blood ; cocaine ; Cocaine - blood ; Cocaine - metabolism ; Cocaine - urine ; Cocaine-Related Disorders - blood ; Cocaine-Related Disorders - diagnosis ; Cocaine-Related Disorders - mortality ; Cocaine-Related Disorders - urine ; derivatization ; Drug addictions ; ecgonine methyl ester ; Female ; Flame Ionization ; GC/FID ; General aspects. Methods ; Humans ; intoxications ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Neuropharmacology ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychopharmacology ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; solid-phase extraction ; Spain - epidemiology ; Substance Abuse Detection - methods ; Toxicology ; urine</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied toxicology, 2004-07, Vol.24 (4), p.283-287</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=16008550$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15300716$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fernández, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buján, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bermejo, A. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tabernero, M. J.</creatorcontrib><title>Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain</title><title>Journal of applied toxicology</title><addtitle>J. Appl. Toxicol</addtitle><description>A gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid‐phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis‐trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide–trimethylchlorosilane (1%), calibration curves were constructed over 0.4–4 µg ml−1 for urine and 0.1–2 µg ml−1 for blood, using proadifen as the reference compound. The average extraction recoveries were 75% for urine and 78% for blood. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.071 and 0.24 µg ml−1, respectively. Coefficients of variation were <10% and accuracy was within ±12%. The average blood concentrations of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in 42 living patients were 0.22, 1.43 and 0.16 µg ml−1, respectively. Urine samples were collected from individuals in the criminal justice system (70 cases), from drug abusers admitted to emergency rooms (36 cases) and from patients under detoxification treatment (36 cases). The second group exhibited the highest average concentrations (e.g. 0.97 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 5.23 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.39 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Sixty‐five fatal intoxications due to cocaine alone or in combination with other drugs were studied, and average blood levels were found to be higher in the deaths related to cocaine alone (e.g. 0.40 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 2.38 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.38 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</description><subject>benzoylecgonine</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>blood</subject><subject>cocaine</subject><subject>Cocaine - blood</subject><subject>Cocaine - metabolism</subject><subject>Cocaine - urine</subject><subject>Cocaine-Related Disorders - blood</subject><subject>Cocaine-Related Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Cocaine-Related Disorders - mortality</subject><subject>Cocaine-Related Disorders - urine</subject><subject>derivatization</subject><subject>Drug addictions</subject><subject>ecgonine methyl ester</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Flame Ionization</subject><subject>GC/FID</subject><subject>General aspects. Methods</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>intoxications</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neuropharmacology</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychopharmacology</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>solid-phase extraction</subject><subject>Spain - epidemiology</subject><subject>Substance Abuse Detection - methods</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><subject>urine</subject><issn>0260-437X</issn><issn>1099-1263</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2004</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp10E1v1DAQBmALgei2IP4B8oX2gFLGsfPhY1XaBbQqAorKzZo4NuuSxIudqFTqj6-3WbUnTj7MM-9YLyFvGBwzgPzDNY7HUopnZMFAyozlJX9OFpCXkAle_doj-zFeA6RZXr8ke6zgABUrF-RuiZHqdfA9jv53wM3aadqa0YTeDTg6P1BvqfYa3WAoDi11Y6S9GbHxnRtNpG6gTed9-zCcwpbZFPe4M0UTHtTgw7i-MTFlD_THJg1fkRcWu2he794D8vP87PL0U7b6uvx8erLKtGC5yKpKG82NLAshW6iNbbDOhagsb1gtrSx1DlxoKSpd5qyuEVu2NWi5ZI0W_IAczrmb4P9O6Qeqd1GbrsPB-CkqVhUgcqgTPJqhDj7GYKzaBNdjuFUM1LZolYpWqegk3-4ip6Y37ZPbNZvAux3AqLGzAQft4pMrAeqigOTez-7Gdeb2f_fUl5PL-Ww2a5dq_PeoMfxRZcWrQl1dLNX3FVx8XJbf1BW_B9rRpO8</recordid><startdate>200407</startdate><enddate>200407</enddate><creator>Fernández, P.</creator><creator>Buján, L.</creator><creator>Bermejo, A. M.</creator><creator>Tabernero, M. J.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Wiley</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200407</creationdate><title>Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain</title><author>Fernández, P. ; Buján, L. ; Bermejo, A. M. ; Tabernero, M. J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2004</creationdate><topic>benzoylecgonine</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>blood</topic><topic>cocaine</topic><topic>Cocaine - blood</topic><topic>Cocaine - metabolism</topic><topic>Cocaine - urine</topic><topic>Cocaine-Related Disorders - blood</topic><topic>Cocaine-Related Disorders - diagnosis</topic><topic>Cocaine-Related Disorders - mortality</topic><topic>Cocaine-Related Disorders - urine</topic><topic>derivatization</topic><topic>Drug addictions</topic><topic>ecgonine methyl ester</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Flame Ionization</topic><topic>GC/FID</topic><topic>General aspects. Methods</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>intoxications</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neuropharmacology</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychopharmacology</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>solid-phase extraction</topic><topic>Spain - epidemiology</topic><topic>Substance Abuse Detection - methods</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><topic>urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fernández, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buján, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bermejo, A. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tabernero, M. J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fernández, P.</au><au>Buján, L.</au><au>Bermejo, A. M.</au><au>Tabernero, M. J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>J. Appl. Toxicol</addtitle><date>2004-07</date><risdate>2004</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>283</spage><epage>287</epage><pages>283-287</pages><issn>0260-437X</issn><eissn>1099-1263</eissn><coden>JJATDK</coden><abstract>A gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was developed for the determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine samples from cocaine users in Northwestern Spain. After a solid‐phase extraction with Bond Elut Certify cartridges and a derivatization with bis‐trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide–trimethylchlorosilane (1%), calibration curves were constructed over 0.4–4 µg ml−1 for urine and 0.1–2 µg ml−1 for blood, using proadifen as the reference compound. The average extraction recoveries were 75% for urine and 78% for blood. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.071 and 0.24 µg ml−1, respectively. Coefficients of variation were <10% and accuracy was within ±12%. The average blood concentrations of cocaine, benzoylecgonine and ecgonine methyl ester in 42 living patients were 0.22, 1.43 and 0.16 µg ml−1, respectively. Urine samples were collected from individuals in the criminal justice system (70 cases), from drug abusers admitted to emergency rooms (36 cases) and from patients under detoxification treatment (36 cases). The second group exhibited the highest average concentrations (e.g. 0.97 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 5.23 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.39 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Sixty‐five fatal intoxications due to cocaine alone or in combination with other drugs were studied, and average blood levels were found to be higher in the deaths related to cocaine alone (e.g. 0.40 µg ml−1 for cocaine, 2.38 µg ml−1 for benzoylecgonine and 0.38 µg ml−1 for ecgonine methyl ester). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>15300716</pmid><doi>10.1002/jat.994</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0260-437X |
| ispartof | Journal of applied toxicology, 2004-07, Vol.24 (4), p.283-287 |
| issn | 0260-437X 1099-1263 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_17504208 |
| source | Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection |
| subjects | benzoylecgonine Biological and medical sciences blood cocaine Cocaine - blood Cocaine - metabolism Cocaine - urine Cocaine-Related Disorders - blood Cocaine-Related Disorders - diagnosis Cocaine-Related Disorders - mortality Cocaine-Related Disorders - urine derivatization Drug addictions ecgonine methyl ester Female Flame Ionization GC/FID General aspects. Methods Humans intoxications Male Medical sciences Neuropharmacology Pharmacology. Drug treatments Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Sensitivity and Specificity solid-phase extraction Spain - epidemiology Substance Abuse Detection - methods Toxicology urine |
| title | Gas chromatographic determination of cocaine and its metabolites in blood and urine from cocaine users in northwestern Spain |
| url | http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-26T07%3A25%3A24IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gas%20chromatographic%20determination%20of%20cocaine%20and%20its%20metabolites%20in%20blood%20and%20urine%20from%20cocaine%20users%20in%20northwestern%20Spain&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20applied%20toxicology&rft.au=Fern%C3%A1ndez,%20P.&rft.date=2004-07&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=283&rft.epage=287&rft.pages=283-287&rft.issn=0260-437X&rft.eissn=1099-1263&rft.coden=JJATDK&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/jat.994&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E17504208%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4124-77cec3e96549d08efba82447f3b189f96c2034c947c62188aad1fba8af391bc43%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=17504208&rft_id=info:pmid/15300716&rfr_iscdi=true |