Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus)

A 4 × 2 factorial experiment with four supplemental levels of copper (0, 20, 40, or 60 mg copper per kg dry matter) from copper sulfate and two supplemental levels of zinc (40 or 200 mg zinc per kg dry matter) from zinc sulfate was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary copper and zinc supp...

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Published in:Biological trace element research 2015-12, Vol.168 (2), p.401-410
Main Authors: Liu, Zhi, Wu, Xuezhuang, Zhang, Tietao, Guo, Jungang, Gao, Xiuhua, Yang, Fuhe, Xing, Xiumei
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
adverse effects
alkaline phosphatase
Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism
Alopex lagopus
Animal Feed
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - drug effects
Animals
antioxidant activity
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - chemistry
average daily gain
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
blood serum
catalase
Copper
Copper - administration & dosage
copper metabolism
copper sulfate
Diet
dietary mineral supplements
Dietary Supplements
digestibility
Dry matter
Feces
Feed conversion
feed intake
Feeds
Foxes
fur
furs and pelts
glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism
growth performance
Hair - chemistry
kidneys
Life Sciences
liver
Male
males
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde - blood
mineral content
nutrients
Nutrition
Oncology
Physical growth
Random Allocation
Retention
Sulfates
superoxide dismutase
Vulpes lagopus
Zinc
Zinc - administration & dosage
Zinc - chemistry
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate - administration & dosage
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cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-694fe1ec5118d414afec1c217932f335d19d14d2db1ea63a5dd2a302b3368be53
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-694fe1ec5118d414afec1c217932f335d19d14d2db1ea63a5dd2a302b3368be53
container_end_page 410
container_issue 2
container_start_page 401
container_title Biological trace element research
container_volume 168
creator Liu, Zhi
Wu, Xuezhuang
Zhang, Tietao
Guo, Jungang
Gao, Xiuhua
Yang, Fuhe
Xing, Xiumei
description A 4 × 2 factorial experiment with four supplemental levels of copper (0, 20, 40, or 60 mg copper per kg dry matter) from copper sulfate and two supplemental levels of zinc (40 or 200 mg zinc per kg dry matter) from zinc sulfate was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary copper and zinc supplementation on growth performance, tissue mineral retention, antioxidant status, and fur quality in growing-furring blue foxes. One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P  0.10) but improved feed conversion (P 
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s12011-015-0376-6
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One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P < 0.05). In addition, copper supplementation tended to increase feed intake during the first 35 days (P < 0.10). Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg zinc did not affect body gain (P > 0.10) and feed intake (P > 0.10) but improved feed conversion (P < 0.05) compared with those supplemented 40 mg/kg zinc throughout the experiment. No copper × zinc interaction was observed for growth performance except that a tendency (P = 0.09) was found for feed intake in the first 35 days. Supplementation of copper or zinc improved crude fat digestibility (P < 0.01) but had no effects on the digestibility of other nutrients. Fecal copper was increased with both copper (P < 0.01) and zinc addition (P < 0.05). However, fecal zinc was affected only by dietary zinc addition (P < 0.01). Mineral contents in serum and kidney were not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the level of copper in the liver was increased with copper supplementation (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease with zinc supplementation (P = 0.08). Dietary zinc addition tended to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.07). The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase tended to increase by copper (P = 0.08) and zinc addition (P = 0.05). Moreover, a copper × zinc interaction was observed for catalase in the experiment (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde concentration decreased with the increasing of dietary copper and zinc levels (P < 0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase tended to increase by copper addition (P = 0.09). For fur quality, foxes fed diets supplemented with high copper had larger skin length and darker pelts than those fed the basal diet without copper addition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary copper and zinc supplementation can improve growth by increasing feed intake and improving fat digestibility. Additionally, copper and zinc can enhance the antioxidant capacity of blue foxes. This study also indicates that additional zinc up to 200 mg/kg did not exert significant adverse effects on the copper metabolism of growing-furring blue foxes.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 0163-4984</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1559-0720</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0376-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26032444</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>adverse effects ; alkaline phosphatase ; Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism ; Alopex lagopus ; Animal Feed ; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - drug effects ; Animals ; antioxidant activity ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - chemistry ; average daily gain ; Biochemistry ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biotechnology ; blood serum ; catalase ; Copper ; Copper - administration &amp; dosage ; copper metabolism ; copper sulfate ; Diet ; dietary mineral supplements ; Dietary Supplements ; digestibility ; Dry matter ; Feces ; Feed conversion ; feed intake ; Feeds ; Foxes ; fur ; furs and pelts ; glutathione peroxidase ; Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism ; growth performance ; Hair - chemistry ; kidneys ; Life Sciences ; liver ; Male ; males ; malondialdehyde ; Malondialdehyde - blood ; mineral content ; nutrients ; Nutrition ; Oncology ; Physical growth ; Random Allocation ; Retention ; Sulfates ; superoxide dismutase ; Vulpes lagopus ; Zinc ; Zinc - administration &amp; dosage ; Zinc - chemistry ; zinc sulfate ; Zinc Sulfate - administration &amp; dosage</subject><ispartof>Biological trace element research, 2015-12, Vol.168 (2), p.401-410</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-694fe1ec5118d414afec1c217932f335d19d14d2db1ea63a5dd2a302b3368be53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-694fe1ec5118d414afec1c217932f335d19d14d2db1ea63a5dd2a302b3368be53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27922,27923</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26032444$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xuezhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Tietao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jungang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Xiuhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Fuhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xing, Xiumei</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus)</title><title>Biological trace element research</title><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><addtitle>Biol Trace Elem Res</addtitle><description><![CDATA[A 4 × 2 factorial experiment with four supplemental levels of copper (0, 20, 40, or 60 mg copper per kg dry matter) from copper sulfate and two supplemental levels of zinc (40 or 200 mg zinc per kg dry matter) from zinc sulfate was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary copper and zinc supplementation on growth performance, tissue mineral retention, antioxidant status, and fur quality in growing-furring blue foxes. One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P < 0.05). In addition, copper supplementation tended to increase feed intake during the first 35 days (P < 0.10). Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg zinc did not affect body gain (P > 0.10) and feed intake (P > 0.10) but improved feed conversion (P < 0.05) compared with those supplemented 40 mg/kg zinc throughout the experiment. No copper × zinc interaction was observed for growth performance except that a tendency (P = 0.09) was found for feed intake in the first 35 days. Supplementation of copper or zinc improved crude fat digestibility (P < 0.01) but had no effects on the digestibility of other nutrients. Fecal copper was increased with both copper (P < 0.01) and zinc addition (P < 0.05). However, fecal zinc was affected only by dietary zinc addition (P < 0.01). Mineral contents in serum and kidney were not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the level of copper in the liver was increased with copper supplementation (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease with zinc supplementation (P = 0.08). Dietary zinc addition tended to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.07). The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase tended to increase by copper (P = 0.08) and zinc addition (P = 0.05). Moreover, a copper × zinc interaction was observed for catalase in the experiment (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde concentration decreased with the increasing of dietary copper and zinc levels (P < 0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase tended to increase by copper addition (P = 0.09). For fur quality, foxes fed diets supplemented with high copper had larger skin length and darker pelts than those fed the basal diet without copper addition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary copper and zinc supplementation can improve growth by increasing feed intake and improving fat digestibility. Additionally, copper and zinc can enhance the antioxidant capacity of blue foxes. This study also indicates that additional zinc up to 200 mg/kg did not exert significant adverse effects on the copper metabolism of growing-furring blue foxes.]]></description><subject>adverse effects</subject><subject>alkaline phosphatase</subject><subject>Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism</subject><subject>Alopex lagopus</subject><subject>Animal Feed</subject><subject>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - drug effects</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antioxidant activity</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants - chemistry</subject><subject>average daily gain</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biotechnology</subject><subject>blood serum</subject><subject>catalase</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Copper - administration &amp; dosage</subject><subject>copper metabolism</subject><subject>copper sulfate</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>dietary mineral supplements</subject><subject>Dietary Supplements</subject><subject>digestibility</subject><subject>Dry matter</subject><subject>Feces</subject><subject>Feed conversion</subject><subject>feed intake</subject><subject>Feeds</subject><subject>Foxes</subject><subject>fur</subject><subject>furs and pelts</subject><subject>glutathione peroxidase</subject><subject>Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism</subject><subject>growth performance</subject><subject>Hair - chemistry</subject><subject>kidneys</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>liver</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>males</subject><subject>malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde - blood</subject><subject>mineral content</subject><subject>nutrients</subject><subject>Nutrition</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Physical growth</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Retention</subject><subject>Sulfates</subject><subject>superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Vulpes lagopus</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>Zinc - administration &amp; 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Wu, Xuezhuang ; Zhang, Tietao ; Guo, Jungang ; Gao, Xiuhua ; Yang, Fuhe ; Xing, Xiumei</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-694fe1ec5118d414afec1c217932f335d19d14d2db1ea63a5dd2a302b3368be53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>adverse effects</topic><topic>alkaline phosphatase</topic><topic>Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism</topic><topic>Alopex lagopus</topic><topic>Animal Feed</topic><topic>Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - drug effects</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antioxidant activity</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - chemistry</topic><topic>average daily gain</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biotechnology</topic><topic>blood serum</topic><topic>catalase</topic><topic>Copper</topic><topic>Copper - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>copper metabolism</topic><topic>copper sulfate</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>dietary mineral supplements</topic><topic>Dietary Supplements</topic><topic>digestibility</topic><topic>Dry matter</topic><topic>Feces</topic><topic>Feed conversion</topic><topic>feed intake</topic><topic>Feeds</topic><topic>Foxes</topic><topic>fur</topic><topic>furs and pelts</topic><topic>glutathione peroxidase</topic><topic>Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism</topic><topic>growth performance</topic><topic>Hair - chemistry</topic><topic>kidneys</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>liver</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>males</topic><topic>malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde - blood</topic><topic>mineral content</topic><topic>nutrients</topic><topic>Nutrition</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Physical growth</topic><topic>Random Allocation</topic><topic>Retention</topic><topic>Sulfates</topic><topic>superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Vulpes lagopus</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>Zinc - administration &amp; dosage</topic><topic>Zinc - chemistry</topic><topic>zinc sulfate</topic><topic>Zinc Sulfate - administration &amp; dosage</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Zhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Xuezhuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Tietao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jungang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Xiuhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Fuhe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xing, Xiumei</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Health &amp; 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One hundred and twenty healthy 15-week-old male blue foxes were randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments with 15 replicates per treatment for a 70-day trial from mid-September to pelting in December. The average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were increased with copper supplementation in the first 35 days as well as the overall period (P < 0.05). In addition, copper supplementation tended to increase feed intake during the first 35 days (P < 0.10). Diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg zinc did not affect body gain (P > 0.10) and feed intake (P > 0.10) but improved feed conversion (P < 0.05) compared with those supplemented 40 mg/kg zinc throughout the experiment. No copper × zinc interaction was observed for growth performance except that a tendency (P = 0.09) was found for feed intake in the first 35 days. Supplementation of copper or zinc improved crude fat digestibility (P < 0.01) but had no effects on the digestibility of other nutrients. Fecal copper was increased with both copper (P < 0.01) and zinc addition (P < 0.05). However, fecal zinc was affected only by dietary zinc addition (P < 0.01). Mineral contents in serum and kidney were not affected by dietary treatments (P > 0.05). However, the level of copper in the liver was increased with copper supplementation (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease with zinc supplementation (P = 0.08). Dietary zinc addition tended to increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.07). The activities of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase and catalase tended to increase by copper (P = 0.08) and zinc addition (P = 0.05). Moreover, a copper × zinc interaction was observed for catalase in the experiment (P < 0.05). Serum malondialdehyde concentration decreased with the increasing of dietary copper and zinc levels (P < 0.05). The activity of glutathione peroxidase tended to increase by copper addition (P = 0.09). For fur quality, foxes fed diets supplemented with high copper had larger skin length and darker pelts than those fed the basal diet without copper addition (P < 0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary copper and zinc supplementation can improve growth by increasing feed intake and improving fat digestibility. Additionally, copper and zinc can enhance the antioxidant capacity of blue foxes. This study also indicates that additional zinc up to 200 mg/kg did not exert significant adverse effects on the copper metabolism of growing-furring blue foxes.]]></abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>26032444</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12011-015-0376-6</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record>
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ispartof Biological trace element research, 2015-12, Vol.168 (2), p.401-410
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1559-0720
language eng
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source Springer Link
subjects adverse effects
alkaline phosphatase
Alkaline Phosphatase - metabolism
Alopex lagopus
Animal Feed
Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - drug effects
Animals
antioxidant activity
Antioxidants
Antioxidants - chemistry
average daily gain
Biochemistry
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biotechnology
blood serum
catalase
Copper
Copper - administration & dosage
copper metabolism
copper sulfate
Diet
dietary mineral supplements
Dietary Supplements
digestibility
Dry matter
Feces
Feed conversion
feed intake
Feeds
Foxes
fur
furs and pelts
glutathione peroxidase
Glutathione Peroxidase - metabolism
growth performance
Hair - chemistry
kidneys
Life Sciences
liver
Male
males
malondialdehyde
Malondialdehyde - blood
mineral content
nutrients
Nutrition
Oncology
Physical growth
Random Allocation
Retention
Sulfates
superoxide dismutase
Vulpes lagopus
Zinc
Zinc - administration & dosage
Zinc - chemistry
zinc sulfate
Zinc Sulfate - administration & dosage
title Effects of Dietary Copper and Zinc Supplementation on Growth Performance, Tissue Mineral Retention, Antioxidant Status, and Fur Quality in Growing-Furring Blue Foxes (Alopex lagopus)
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-14T13%3A17%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Effects%20of%20Dietary%20Copper%20and%20Zinc%20Supplementation%20on%20Growth%20Performance,%20Tissue%20Mineral%20Retention,%20Antioxidant%20Status,%20and%20Fur%20Quality%20in%20Growing-Furring%20Blue%20Foxes%20(Alopex%20lagopus)&rft.jtitle=Biological%20trace%20element%20research&rft.au=Liu,%20Zhi&rft.date=2015-12-01&rft.volume=168&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=401&rft.epage=410&rft.pages=401-410&rft.issn=0163-4984&rft.eissn=1559-0720&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s12011-015-0376-6&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E3863235671%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-694fe1ec5118d414afec1c217932f335d19d14d2db1ea63a5dd2a302b3368be53%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1732535118&rft_id=info:pmid/26032444&rfr_iscdi=true