Silica, Silicosis, and Lung Cancer: A Response to a Recent Working Group Report

The relationship between crystalline silica and lung cancer has been the subject of many recent publications, conferences, and regulatory considerations. An influential, international body has determined that there was sufficient evidence to conclude that quartz and cristobalite are carcinogenic in...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2000-07, Vol.42 (7), p.704-720
Main Authors: Hessel, Patrick A., Gamble, John F., Gee, J. Bernard L., Gibbs, Graham, Green, Francis H.Y., Morgan, W. Keith C., Mossman, Brooke T.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Autopsy
Biological and medical sciences
Carcinogens - adverse effects
Causality
Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases
cristobalite
Humans
Inorganic dusts (pneumoconiosises) and organic dusts (byssinosis etc.)
Lung cancer
Lung Neoplasms - chemically induced
Lung Neoplasms - epidemiology
Medical sciences
Occupational health
ORIGINAL ARTICLES
Quartz - adverse effects
Radiography
Rats
Research Design
silica
Silicon
Silicon Dioxide - adverse effects
Silicosis - epidemiology
Silicosis - pathology
Toxicology
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Summary:The relationship between crystalline silica and lung cancer has been the subject of many recent publications, conferences, and regulatory considerations. An influential, international body has determined that there was sufficient evidence to conclude that quartz and cristobalite are carcinogenic in humans. The present authors believe that the results of these studies are inconsistent and, when positive, only weakly positive. Other, methodologically strong, negative studies have not been considered, and several studies viewed as providing evidence supporting the carcinogenicity of silica have significant methodological weaknesses. Silica is not directly genotoxic and is a pulmonary carcinogen only in the rat, a species that seems to be inappropriate for assessing particulate carcinogenesis in humans. Data on humans demonstrate a lack of association between lung cancer and exposure to crystalline silica. Exposure-response relationships have generally not been found. Studies in which silicotic patients were not identified from compensation registries and in which enumeration was complete did not support a causal association between silicosis and lung cancer, which further argues against the carcinogenicity of crystalline silica.
ISSN:1076-2752
1536-5948
DOI:10.1097/00043764-200007000-00005