Unraveling the Mesenchymal Stromal Cells' Paracrine Immunomodulatory Effects

Abstract In the last 10 years, the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in modulating inflammatory and immune responses has been characterized using both in vitro studies and in vivo models of immune disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory properties have been linked to various para...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Transfusion medicine reviews 2016-01, Vol.30 (1), p.37-43
Main Authors: Fontaine, Magali J, Shih, Hank, Schäfer, Richard, Pittenger, Mark F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Cell Proliferation
Cytokines - physiology
Dinoprostone - physiology
Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine
Humans
Immunomodulation
Immunomodulation - physiology
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation
Mesenchymal stromal cells
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - immunology
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - physiology
Paracrine Communication - immunology
Paracrine effects
T-Lymphocytes - physiology
Transforming Growth Factor beta - physiology
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Summary:Abstract In the last 10 years, the role of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in modulating inflammatory and immune responses has been characterized using both in vitro studies and in vivo models of immune disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cell immunomodulatory properties have been linked to various paracrine factors which expression varies depending on the pathologic condition to which the MSCs are exposed. These factors may directly impact key cells of the adaptive immune system, such as T cells. Indeed, coculturing MSCs with T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction assay inhibits T-cell proliferation through the secretion of immunomodulatory cytokines. However, in a context of inflammation, MSCs may secrete paracrine factors that influence other immune cell subpopulations such as dendritic cells and macrophages and polarize them toward a tolerogenic phenotype. In vivo, these same immunomodulatory factors are shown to be increased in the serum of animal models presenting with inflammatory diseases treated with MSC administration. In light of the results from these landmark studies, we review the main MSC secreted factors identified to play a role in modulating inflammatory immune responses either in vitro or in vivo , and we assess the impact of these factors on the therapeutic applications of MSC-based cell therapies in immune diseases.
ISSN:0887-7963
1532-9496
DOI:10.1016/j.tmrv.2015.11.004