Single-Crystal Apatite Nanowires Sheathed in Graphitic Shells: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application

Vertically aligned one-dimensional hybrid structures, which are composed of apatite and graphitic structures, can be beneficial for orthopedic applications. However, they are difficult to generate using the current method. Here, we report the first synthesis of a single-crystal apatite nanowire enca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:ACS nano 2013-07, Vol.7 (7), p.5711-5723
Main Authors: Jeong, Namjo, Cha, Misun, Park, Yun Chang, Lee, Kyung Mee, Lee, Jae Hyup, Park, Byong Chon, Lee, Junghoon
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apatite
Apatites - chemistry
Bending
Bone Substitutes - chemical synthesis
Bone Transplantation - instrumentation
Bones
Cell Differentiation
Cells, Cultured
Crystal structure
Crystallization - methods
Differentiation
Elastic Modulus
Equipment Design
Equipment Failure Analysis
Graphite - chemistry
Humans
Macromolecular Substances - chemistry
Materials Testing
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells - cytology
Molecular Conformation
Nanostructure
Nanowires
Nanowires - chemistry
Nanowires - ultrastructure
Osteoblasts - cytology
Osteogenesis - physiology
Single crystals
Surface Properties
Synthesis (chemistry)
Tissue Engineering - instrumentation
Tissue Scaffolds
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Summary:Vertically aligned one-dimensional hybrid structures, which are composed of apatite and graphitic structures, can be beneficial for orthopedic applications. However, they are difficult to generate using the current method. Here, we report the first synthesis of a single-crystal apatite nanowire encapsulated in graphitic shells by a one-step chemical vapor deposition. Incipient nucleation of apatite and its subsequent transformation to an oriented crystal are directed by derived gaseous phosphorine. Longitudinal growth of the oriented apatite crystal is achieved by a vapor–solid growth mechanism, whereas lateral growth is suppressed by the graphitic layers formed through arrangement of the derived aromatic hydrocarbon molecules. We show that this unusual combination of the apatite crystal and the graphitic shells can lead to an excellent osteogenic differentiation and bony fusion through a programmed smart behavior. For instance, the graphitic shells are degraded after the initial cell growth promoted by the graphitic nanostructures, and the cells continue proliferation on the bare apatite nanowires. Furthermore, a bending experiment indicates that such core–shell nanowires exhibited a superior bending stiffness compared to single-crystal apatite nanowires without graphitic shells. The results suggest a new strategy and direction for bone grafting materials with a highly controllable morphology and material conditions that can best stimulate bone cell differentiation and growth.
ISSN:1936-0851
1936-086X
DOI:10.1021/nn305767t