Physicochemical properties of "green" nanocrystalline cellulose isolated from recycled newspaper

"Green" nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated through an acid hydrolysis process from recycled newspapers and prepared via treatment with NaOH and NaClO 2 . Morphological characterization and physicochemical property measurements were executed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:RSC advances 2015-01, Vol.5 (38), p.29842-29849
Main Authors: Mohamed, M. A, Salleh, W. N. W, Jaafar, J, Asri, S. E. A. M, Ismail, A. F
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Atomic force microscopy
Cellulose
Fourier transforms
Hydrolysis
Nanocrystals
Scanning electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy
X-ray diffraction
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Summary:"Green" nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was isolated through an acid hydrolysis process from recycled newspapers and prepared via treatment with NaOH and NaClO 2 . Morphological characterization and physicochemical property measurements were executed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FTIR and chemical composition analysis demonstrated that lignin and hemicellulose structures were removed using different pretreatment steps with NaOH and NaClO 2 . From the SEM results, it was discovered that the size of purified cellulose fibrils reduced to a great extent, and the structure of cellulose microfibers became smoother and cleaner due to the removal of lignin with other extracts. The XRD analysis results revealed that NCC exhibits the highest crystallinity index after acid hydrolysis of bleached cellulose microfibers. TEM and AFM analysis revealed that the rod-like structure of NCC was obtained with size 5.78 ± 2.14 nm wide and 121.42 ± 32.51 nm long. The TGA results suggested that the thermal stability of the NCC was affected mainly by the dehydration reaction caused by sulphate groups. The isolated nanocrystalline cellulose attracts great interest as an inexpensive bio-based filler in polymer nanocomposites. "Green" nanocrystalline cellulose was isolated through an acid hydrolysis process from recycled newspapers and prepared via treatment with NaOH and NaClO 2 .
ISSN:2046-2069
2046-2069
DOI:10.1039/c4ra17020b