Drug release, cell adhesion and wound healing evaluations of electrospun carboxymethyl chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibres containing phenytoin sodium and vitamin C

• Published in: IET nanobiotechnology 2015-08, Vol.9 (4), p.191-200
• Main Authors: Zarandi, Mohammad Amin, Zahedi, Payam, Rezaeian, Iraj, Salehpour, Alireza, Gholami, Mehdi, Motealleh, Behrooz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: adhesion; Animals; aqueous solution; Ascorbic Acid - chemistry; Ascorbic Acid - pharmacokinetics; Ascorbic Acid - pharmacology; Biocompatibility; biodegradability; biodegradable materials; biological NMR; biomechanics; biomedical materials; cell adhesion; Cell Adhesion - drug effects; cell biocompatibility; cellular biophysics; Chitosan; Chitosan - analogs & derivatives; Chitosan - chemistry; chromatography; CMCS‐PEO blend nanofibrous samples; CMCS‐PEO nanofibrous samples; CMCS‐polyethylene oxide blend nanofibrous samples; collagen fibre accumulation; C‐PHT‐Na ointment; Drug delivery systems; Drug Liberation - drug effects; drug release; drug release mechanism; Drugs; D‐optimal design approach; Electrospinning; electrospun carboxymethyl chitosan‐polyethylene oxide nanofibres; epidermis layer regeneration; fine diameter nanofibrous mats; Fourier transform infrared spectra; Fourier transform infrared tests; functionalised CS evaluation; granulating tissue formation; high performance liquid chromatography; Higuchi kinetic model; histology observations; H‐nuclear magnetic resonance; in vivo animal wound model; kinetic mechanism; Male; molecular biophysics; morphology; MTT assay; N,O‐carboxymethyl chitosan; nanofabrication; Nanofibers - chemistry; nanofibres; nanomedicine; Nanostructure; Phenytoin - chemistry; Phenytoin - pharmacokinetics; Phenytoin - pharmacology; phenytoin sodium; Polyethylene Glycols - chemistry; polymer blends; polymer fibres; proteins; proton magnetic resonance; Rats; Rats, Wistar; reaction kinetics; scanning electron microscopy; skin; smooth nanofibrous mats; Sodium; stem cells viability; tissue engineering; ultraviolet spectra; UV‐visible spectrophotometer; virgin chitosan; visible spectra; Vitamin C; wound dressing materials; Wound Healing - drug effects; wound healing evaluations; wounds
• ISSN: 1751-8741; 1751-875X; 1751-875X
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2014.0030

In this work, N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) samples from virgin chitosan (CS) were synthesised and CMCS/polyethylene oxide (PEO) (50/50) blend nanofibrous samples were successfully electrospun from their aqueous solution. The electrospinning conditions to achieve smooth and fine diameter nanofibrous mats were optimised via D-optimal design approach. Afterwards, vitamin C and phenytoin sodium (PHT-Na) were added to these samples for producing wound dressing materials. H-nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared tests for the evaluation of functionalised CS, morphology and biodegradability studies of CMCS/PEO blend nanofibrous samples were applied. The kinetic and drug release mechanism for vitamin C and PHT-Na drug-loaded electrospun samples were also investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometer and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively. The results showed an approximately similar drug release rate of the two drugs and followed Higuchi's kinetic model. The stem cells viability and their adhesion on the surface of the samples containing PHT-Na and vitamin C were carried out using MTT assay and the best cells' biocompatibility was obtained using both drugs into the CMCS/PEO nanofibrous samples. Moreover, the in vivo animal wound model results revealed that the electrospun samples containing vitamin C and PHT-Na (1%) had a remarkable efficiency in the wounds' closure and their healing process compared with vitamin C/PHT-Na (50/50) ointment. Finally, the histology observations showed that the wound treated with optimised electrospun samples containing two drugs enabled regeneration of epidermis layers due to collagen fibres accumulation followed by granulating tissues formation without necrosis.