Acute kidney injury among HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit

We describe the incidence, associations and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We retrospectively analysed 223 admissions to an inner-London, University-affiliated ICU between 1999 and 2012, and identified those with AKI and p...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of STD & AIDS 2015-11, Vol.26 (13), p.915-921
Main Authors: Randall, DW, Brima, N, Walker, D, Connolly, J, Laing, C, Copas, AJ, Edwards, SG, Batson, S, Miller, RF
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acute Kidney Injury - diagnosis
Acute Kidney Injury - epidemiology
Acute Kidney Injury - etiology
Adolescent
Adult
Aged
AIDS/HIV
APACHE
Creatinine - blood
Critical Care - statistics & numerical data
Female
HIV Infections - complications
Humans
Incidence
Inpatients
Intensive Care Units - statistics & numerical data
Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnosis
Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology
London - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sepsis - complications
Severity of Illness Index
Treatment Outcome
Viral Load
Young Adult
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Summary:We describe the incidence, associations and outcomes of acute kidney injury (AKI) among HIV-infected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We retrospectively analysed 223 admissions to an inner-London, University-affiliated ICU between 1999 and 2012, and identified those with AKI and performed multivariate analysis to determine associations with AKI. Of all admissions, 66% were affected by AKI of any severity and 35% developed stage 3 AKI. In multivariate analysis, AKI was associated with chronic kidney disease (odds ratio [OR] = 3.19; p = 0.014), a previous AIDS-defining illness (OR = 1.93; p = 0.039) and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, (OR = 3.49; p = 0.018, if > 30). No associations were demonstrated with use of anti-retroviral medication (including tenofovir), or an individual’s HIV viral load or CD4 count. AKI was associated with higher inpatient mortality and longer duration of ICU admission. Among patients with stage 3 AKI, only 41% were alive 90 days after ICU admission. Among survivors, 74% regained good renal function, the remainder were dependent on renal replacement therapy or were left with significant ongoing renal dysfunction. Of note, many patients had baseline serum creatinine concentrations well below published reference ranges. AKI among HIV-infected patients admitted to ICU carries a poor prognosis.
ISSN:0956-4624
1758-1052
DOI:10.1177/0956462414561034