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Exposure to Coastal Hazards in a Rapidly Expanding Northern Urban Centre, Iqaluit, Nunavut

The City of Iqaluit, Nunavut, is an expanding urban centre with important infrastructure located in the coastal zone. This study investigates the exposure of this infrastructure to coastal hazards (rising mean sea level, extreme water levels, wave run-up, and sea ice). Using a coastal digital elevat...

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Published in:Arctic 2015-12, Vol.68 (4), p.453-471
Main Authors: Hatcher, Scott V., Forbes, Donald L.
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description The City of Iqaluit, Nunavut, is an expanding urban centre with important infrastructure located in the coastal zone. This study investigates the exposure of this infrastructure to coastal hazards (rising mean sea level, extreme water levels, wave run-up, and sea ice). Using a coastal digital elevation model, we evaluate the inundation and flooding that may result from projected sea level rise. Some public and private infrastructure is already subject to flooding during extreme high water events. Using a near upper-limit scenario of 0.7 m for relative sea level rise from 2010 to 2100, we estimate that critical infrastructure will have a remaining freeboard of 0.3-0.8 m above high spring tide, and some subsistence infrastructure will be inundated. The large tidal range, limited over-water fetch, and wide intertidal flats reduce the risk of wave impacts. When present, the shorefast ice foot provides protection for coastal infrastructure. The ice-free season has expanded by 1.0-1.5 days per year since 1979, increasing the opportunity for storm-wave generation and thus exposure to wave run-up. Overtopping of critical infrastructure and displacement by flooding of subsistence infrastructure are potential issues requiring better projections of relative sea level change and extreme high water levels. These results can inform decisions on adaptation, providing measurable limits for safe development. La ville d'Iqaluit, au Nunavut, est un centre urbain en plein essor doté d'infrastructures importantes sur la zone côtière. Cette étude se penche sur l'exposition de cette infrastructure aux risques côtiers (niveau de la mer montant, niveaux d'eau extrêmes, vagues et glace de mer). À l'aide d'un modèle numérique de l'élévation côtière, nous évaluons les inondations et les submersions susceptibles de découler de la montée projetée du niveau de la mer. Certaines infrastructures publiques et privées sont déjà la cible d'inondations en présence de très hautes eaux. En nous appuyant sur un scénario dont la limite supérieure est de près de 0,7 m pour la hausse relative du niveau de la mer de 2010 à 2100, nous estimons que les infrastructures critiques auront un franc bord de 0,3 à 0,8 m au-dessus de la marée haute de vives-eaux, et une partie des infrastructures de subsistance sera inondée. La grande amplitude de la marée, le fetch limité sur l'eau et les larges battures intertidales réduisent le risque de l'impact des vagues. Lorsqu'elle est présente, la glace de rive offre
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This study investigates the exposure of this infrastructure to coastal hazards (rising mean sea level, extreme water levels, wave run-up, and sea ice). Using a coastal digital elevation model, we evaluate the inundation and flooding that may result from projected sea level rise. Some public and private infrastructure is already subject to flooding during extreme high water events. Using a near upper-limit scenario of 0.7 m for relative sea level rise from 2010 to 2100, we estimate that critical infrastructure will have a remaining freeboard of 0.3-0.8 m above high spring tide, and some subsistence infrastructure will be inundated. The large tidal range, limited over-water fetch, and wide intertidal flats reduce the risk of wave impacts. When present, the shorefast ice foot provides protection for coastal infrastructure. The ice-free season has expanded by 1.0-1.5 days per year since 1979, increasing the opportunity for storm-wave generation and thus exposure to wave run-up. Overtopping of critical infrastructure and displacement by flooding of subsistence infrastructure are potential issues requiring better projections of relative sea level change and extreme high water levels. These results can inform decisions on adaptation, providing measurable limits for safe development. La ville d'Iqaluit, au Nunavut, est un centre urbain en plein essor doté d'infrastructures importantes sur la zone côtière. Cette étude se penche sur l'exposition de cette infrastructure aux risques côtiers (niveau de la mer montant, niveaux d'eau extrêmes, vagues et glace de mer). À l'aide d'un modèle numérique de l'élévation côtière, nous évaluons les inondations et les submersions susceptibles de découler de la montée projetée du niveau de la mer. Certaines infrastructures publiques et privées sont déjà la cible d'inondations en présence de très hautes eaux. En nous appuyant sur un scénario dont la limite supérieure est de près de 0,7 m pour la hausse relative du niveau de la mer de 2010 à 2100, nous estimons que les infrastructures critiques auront un franc bord de 0,3 à 0,8 m au-dessus de la marée haute de vives-eaux, et une partie des infrastructures de subsistance sera inondée. La grande amplitude de la marée, le fetch limité sur l'eau et les larges battures intertidales réduisent le risque de l'impact des vagues. Lorsqu'elle est présente, la glace de rive offre une protection aux infrastructures côtières. Depuis 1979, la saison sans glace s'est prolongée de 1,0 à 1,5 jour par année, ce qui augmente la possibilité de la formation de vagues de tempête et, par conséquent, l'exposition aux jets de rive. La submersion des infrastructures critiques et le déplacement des infrastructures de subsistance par les inondations constituent des enjeux potentiels qui doivent faire l'objet de meilleures projections du changement relatif du niveau de la mer et des niveaux d'eau extrêmes. 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This study investigates the exposure of this infrastructure to coastal hazards (rising mean sea level, extreme water levels, wave run-up, and sea ice). Using a coastal digital elevation model, we evaluate the inundation and flooding that may result from projected sea level rise. Some public and private infrastructure is already subject to flooding during extreme high water events. Using a near upper-limit scenario of 0.7 m for relative sea level rise from 2010 to 2100, we estimate that critical infrastructure will have a remaining freeboard of 0.3-0.8 m above high spring tide, and some subsistence infrastructure will be inundated. The large tidal range, limited over-water fetch, and wide intertidal flats reduce the risk of wave impacts. When present, the shorefast ice foot provides protection for coastal infrastructure. The ice-free season has expanded by 1.0-1.5 days per year since 1979, increasing the opportunity for storm-wave generation and thus exposure to wave run-up. Overtopping of critical infrastructure and displacement by flooding of subsistence infrastructure are potential issues requiring better projections of relative sea level change and extreme high water levels. These results can inform decisions on adaptation, providing measurable limits for safe development. La ville d'Iqaluit, au Nunavut, est un centre urbain en plein essor doté d'infrastructures importantes sur la zone côtière. Cette étude se penche sur l'exposition de cette infrastructure aux risques côtiers (niveau de la mer montant, niveaux d'eau extrêmes, vagues et glace de mer). À l'aide d'un modèle numérique de l'élévation côtière, nous évaluons les inondations et les submersions susceptibles de découler de la montée projetée du niveau de la mer. Certaines infrastructures publiques et privées sont déjà la cible d'inondations en présence de très hautes eaux. En nous appuyant sur un scénario dont la limite supérieure est de près de 0,7 m pour la hausse relative du niveau de la mer de 2010 à 2100, nous estimons que les infrastructures critiques auront un franc bord de 0,3 à 0,8 m au-dessus de la marée haute de vives-eaux, et une partie des infrastructures de subsistance sera inondée. La grande amplitude de la marée, le fetch limité sur l'eau et les larges battures intertidales réduisent le risque de l'impact des vagues. Lorsqu'elle est présente, la glace de rive offre une protection aux infrastructures côtières. Depuis 1979, la saison sans glace s'est prolongée de 1,0 à 1,5 jour par année, ce qui augmente la possibilité de la formation de vagues de tempête et, par conséquent, l'exposition aux jets de rive. La submersion des infrastructures critiques et le déplacement des infrastructures de subsistance par les inondations constituent des enjeux potentiels qui doivent faire l'objet de meilleures projections du changement relatif du niveau de la mer et des niveaux d'eau extrêmes. Ces résultats pourront éclairer les décisions en matière d'adaptation, ce qui permettra d'obtenir des limites mesurables en vue d'aménagements sécuritaires.</abstract><cop>Calgary</cop><pub>Arctic Institute of North America</pub><doi>10.14430/arctic4526</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record>
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subjects Beaches
Climate change
Coastal hazards
Coastal zone
Coastal zone management
Coasts
Environmental aspects
Flood damage prevention
Flooding
Floods
Global warming
Ice
Infrastructure
Measurement
Methods
Risk reduction
Safety and security measures
Sea ice
Sea level
Sea level rise
Sea water
Spring tides
Tidal range
Topographical elevation
Water levels
Waterfronts
Wave runup
Waves
title Exposure to Coastal Hazards in a Rapidly Expanding Northern Urban Centre, Iqaluit, Nunavut
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