Nitrous oxide emissions from urea fertiliser and effluent with and without inhibitors applied to pasture

• Published in: Agriculture, ecosystems & environment ecosystems & environment, 2016-03, Vol.219, p.58-70
• Main Authors: van der Weerden, T.J., Luo, J., Di, H.J., Podolyan, A., Phillips, R.L., Saggar, S., de Klein, C.A.M., Cox, N., Ettema, P., Rys, G.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Emission factor; Farm dairy effluent; Nitrification inhibitors; Nitrous oxide; Urea fertiliser; Urease inhibitors
• ISSN: 0167-8809; 1873-2305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2015.12.006

•Urea fertiliser EF1 varied from 0.03% to 1.52% of N applied.•Farm dairy effluent (FDE) EF1 ranged from 0.06% to 0.94% of N applied.•Adding DCD or nBTPT to urea fertiliser had little or no effect on N2O EF1.•Adding DCD to FDE also had little or no effect on N2O EF1.•Historical application of FDE to pasture had no effect on FDE EF1. There is currently a limited number of New Zealand studies quantifying nitrous oxide (N2O) emission factors (EF1, N2O emissions as a percentage of N applied) for farm dairy effluent (FDE) and urea fertiliser. Therefore, two experiments were conducted in four regions of New Zealand to determine EF1 for FDE and urea fertiliser applied to pastures with contrasting soils and climatic conditions. Experiment 1 included urease and nitrification inhibitors to determine their effect on EF1. Urea treatments included (i) standard urea; (ii) urea amended with the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) at 0.02kgDCDkg−1 nitrogen (N) and (iii) urea amended with the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT) at 250mgnBTPTkg−1urea, while FDE was applied with or without DCD, at 10kgDCDha−1. Experiment 2 focused solely on FDE, which was applied to pastures that had either never received FDE or had a history of repeated application of FDE over several years. Urea fertiliser produced a large variation in EF1 values, ranging from 0.03% to 1.52%. Application of FDE resulted in EF1 ranging from 0.06% to 0.94% across both experiments. The urease and nitrification inhibitors had little or no effect on reducing EF1 from urea fertiliser and FDE application. The history of repeated applications of FDE to pasture also had no effect on EF1.