Origin of the antitropical distribution pattern in marine mussels (Mytilus spp.): routes and timing of transequatorial migration

Many marine species, including mussels in the Mytilus edulis species group (i.e. M. edulis L., M. galloprovincialis Lamarck, and M. trossulus Gould), have an antitropical distribution pattern, with closely related taxa occurring in high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres but being ab...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Marine biology 2000-02, Vol.136 (1), p.69-77
Main Authors: HILBISH, T. J, MULLINAX, A, DOLVEN, S. I, MEYER, A, KOEHN, R. K, RAWSON, P. D
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Atlantic Ocean
Biological and medical sciences
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Distribution patterns
DNA
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Haplotypes
Marine
Marine biology
Migration
Migratory species
Mollusks
Mytilus edulis
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Mytilus trossulus
Pacific Ocean
Pleistocene
Sea water ecosystems
Synecology
Taxa
Tropical environments
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Summary:Many marine species, including mussels in the Mytilus edulis species group (i.e. M. edulis L., M. galloprovincialis Lamarck, and M. trossulus Gould), have an antitropical distribution pattern, with closely related taxa occurring in high latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres but being absent from the tropics. We tested four hypotheses to explain the timing and route of transequatorial migration by species with antitropical distributions. These hypotheses yield different predictions for the phylogenetic relationship of southern hemisphere taxa relative to their northern counter-parts. The three Mytilus species were used to test these hypotheses since they exhibit a typical antitropical distribution and representative taxa occur in both the Pacific and Atlantic. Two types of mtDNA lineages were found among populations of mussels collected from the southern hemisphere between 1988 and 1996; over 90% of the mtDNA lineages formed a distinct subclade which, on average, had 1.4% divergence from haplotypes found exclusively in northern Atlantic populations of M. galloprovincialis. These data indicate that southern hemisphere mussels arose from a migration event from the northern hemisphere during the Pleistocene via an Atlantic route. The remainder of the southern hemisphere lineages (
ISSN:0025-3162
1432-1793
DOI:10.1007/s002270050010