Genetic evidence for speciation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae)

Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genetic resources and crop evolution 2005-03, Vol.52 (2), p.161-180
Main Author: Hillig, K.W
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
allozymes
biological nomenclature
Cannabis
evolution
Feral populations
Gene frequency
Gene pool
genetic variation
germplasm
germplasm conservation
hemp
landraces
loci
Marijuana
molecular systematics
plant genetic resources
Populations
Principal components analysis
Speciation
taxonomic revisions
wild plants
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Summary:Sample populations of 157 Cannabis accessions of diverse geographic origin were surveyed for allozyme variation at 17 gene loci. The frequencies of 52 alleles were subjected to principal components analysis. A scatter plot revealed two major groups of accessions. The sativa gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, and ruderal populations from Eastern Europe. The indica gene pool includes fiber/seed landraces from eastern Asia, narrow-leafleted drug strains from southern Asia, Africa, and Latin America, wide-leafleted drug strains from Afghanistan and Pakistan, and feral populations from India and Nepal. A third putative gene pool includes ruderal populations from Central Asia. None of the previous taxonomic concepts that were tested adequately circumscribe the sativa and indica gene pools. A polytypic concept of Cannabis is proposed, which recognizes three species, C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis, and seven putative taxa.
ISSN:0925-9864
1573-5109
DOI:10.1007/s10722-003-4452-y