Laser and electron-beam powder-bed additive manufacturing of metallic implants: A review on processes, materials and designs

ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing (AM), also commonly known as 3D printing, allows the direct fabrication of functional parts with complex shapes from digital models. In this review, the current progress of two AM processes suitable for metallic orthopaedic implant applications, namely selective laser...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of orthopaedic research 2016-03, Vol.34 (3), p.369-385
Main Authors: Sing, Swee Leong, An, Jia, Yeong, Wai Yee, Wiria, Florencia Edith
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3D printing
additive manufacturing
electron beam melting
Lasers
Manufactured Materials
Manufacturing Industry
Metals
Orthopedic Equipment
Prostheses and Implants
rapid prototyping
selective laser melting
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Summary:ABSTRACT Additive manufacturing (AM), also commonly known as 3D printing, allows the direct fabrication of functional parts with complex shapes from digital models. In this review, the current progress of two AM processes suitable for metallic orthopaedic implant applications, namely selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM) are presented. Several critical design factors such as the need for data acquisition for patient‐specific design, design dependent porosity for osteo‐inductive implants, surface topology of the implants and design for reduction of stress‐shielding in implants are discussed. Additive manufactured biomaterials such as 316L stainless steel, titanium‐6aluminium‐4vanadium (Ti6Al4V) and cobalt‐chromium (CoCr) are highlighted. Limitations and future potential of such technologies are also explored. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:369–385, 2016.
ISSN:0736-0266
1554-527X
DOI:10.1002/jor.23075