Electrochemical model of a lithium-ion battery implemented into an automotive battery management system

• Published in: Computers & chemical engineering 2015-05, Vol.76, p.87-97
• Main Authors: Sung, Woosuk, Shin, Chee Burm
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Automotive components; Battery management system; Battery model; Dynamical systems; Electric vehicle; Lithium-ion batteries; Lithium-ion battery; Mathematical analysis; Mathematical models; Power management; Solvers
• ISSN: 0098-1354; 1873-4375
• DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2015.02.007

•An electrochemical model is developed to be embedded into the automotive BMS.•The equations are reformulated for the implementation of the model into the BMS.•The solver is optimized with preprocessing and dynamic memory allocation.•The embedded model can predict battery behaviors in 1s intervals using a 14kB RAM. This paper presents the development of an electrochemical model that can be implemented into automotive battery management systems (BMSs). Compared with empirical models, the electrochemical model features more accurate state estimates over a broader and longer use of the battery. In this work, model implementation schemes are devised to make the electrochemical model uncomplicated enough to be embedded into the BMS. A nonlinear system of partial differential equations in the model is discretized into a linearized system of algebraic equations (AEs). A solver selected to evaluate the resulting system of AEs is modified for its application to the BMS. As the BMS is preoccupied by its existing tasks, the reformulated equations and optimized solver are reorganized such that the limited computational resources of the BMS are appropriately exploited. The electrochemical model is consequently implemented into the BMS, predicting battery behaviors in 1s intervals while occupying a 14kB RAM.