Heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Pollution and ecological risk assessment in street dust of Tehran

► Tehran street dust is highly polluted and ecological risk of dust is very high. ► Integrating CA, PCA, EFs and ecological risk indexes is useful to evaluate source identification. ► Results suggest PAHs and metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) have common anthropogenic origins. ► There might be anthropogenic sourc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of hazardous materials 2012-08, Vol.227-228, p.9-17
Main Authors: Saeedi, Mohsen, Li, Loretta Y., Salmanzadeh, Mahdiyeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Cadmium
Chromium
Cities
Copper
Dust
Dust - analysis
Ecological risk
Environmental Monitoring
Environmental Pollutants - analysis
Environmental Pollution - analysis
Heavy metal
Iran
Lead (metal)
Metals, Heavy - analysis
Multivariate analysis
PAH
Polyallylamine hydrochloride
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons - analysis
Risk Assessment
Statistical methods
Street dust
Zinc
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Summary:► Tehran street dust is highly polluted and ecological risk of dust is very high. ► Integrating CA, PCA, EFs and ecological risk indexes is useful to evaluate source identification. ► Results suggest PAHs and metals (Cu, Pb, Zn) have common anthropogenic origins. ► There might be anthropogenic sources for Cd in addition to urban traffic and related activities. 50 street dust samples from four major streets in eastern and southern Tehran, the capital of Iran, were analyzed for metal pollution (Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn and Li). Hakanson's method was used to determine the Risk Index (RI) and ecological risks. Amongst these samples, 21 were also analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Correlation, cluster and principal component analyses identified probable natural and anthropogenic sources of contaminants. The dust had elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe and PAHs. Enrichment factors of Cu, Pb, Cd and Zn showed that the dust is extremely enriched in these metals. Multivariate statistical analyses revealed that Cu, Pb, Zn, Fe and PAHs and, to a lesser extent, Cr and Ni have common anthropogenic sources. While Mn and Li were identified to have natural sources, Cd may have different anthropogenic origins. All samples demonstrated high ecological risk. Traffic and related activities, petrogenic and pyrogenic sources are likely to be the main anthropogenic sources of heavy metals and PAHs in Tehran dust.
ISSN:0304-3894
1873-3336
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.047