Mine water treatment with limestone for sulfate removal

• Published in: Journal of hazardous materials 2012-06, Vol.221-222, p.45-55
• Main Authors: Silva, Adarlêne M., Lima, Rosa M.F., Leão, Versiane A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: calcium; Calcium Carbonate; dose response; Fixed-bed models; Flow rate; ions; Kinetics; Lime; Limestone; Mathematical models; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Mine drainage; Mine water; Mine waters; Mining; Models, Theoretical; Sorption; sorption isotherms; spectroscopy; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Sulfate; Sulfates; Sulfates - isolation & purification; Thermodynamics; Thomas model; Water Pollutants, Chemical - isolation & purification; water treatment
• ISSN: 0304-3894; 1873-3336
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.03.066

► Limestone can effectively be applied for sulfate removal from neutral mine drainages. ► Breakthrough curves can be modeled by The BDST and other models. ► Fixed-bed loading (19.4mg/g) is close to the equilibrium concentration (23.7mg/g). ► Column sorption seems to be film controlled. ► FT-IR suggested the presence of sulfate on limestone surface. Limestone can be an option for sulfate sorption, particularly from neutral mine drainages because calcium ions on the solid surface can bind sulfate ions. This work investigated sulfate removal from mine waters through sorption on limestone. Continuous stirred-tank experiments reduced the sulfate concentration from 588.0mg/L to 87.0mg/L at a 210-min residence time. Batch equilibrium tests showed that sulfate loading on limestone can be described by the Langmuir isotherm, with a maximum loading of 23.7mg/g. Fixed-bed experiments were utilized to produce breakthrough curves at different bed depths. The Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model was applied, and it indicated sulfate loadings of up to 20.0gSO42−/L-bed as the flow rate increased from 1 to 10mL/min. Thomas, Yoon–Nelson and dose–response models, predicted a maximum particle loading of 19mg/g. Infrared spectrometry indicated the presence of sulfate ions on the limestone surface. Sulfate sorption on limestone seems to be an alternative to treating mine waters with sulfate concentrations below the 1200–2000mg/L range, where lime precipitation is not effective. In addition, this approach does not require alkaline pH values, as in the ettringite process.