Phylogenetic relationships within anuran clade Terrarana, with emphasis on the placement of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest frogs genus Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae)

• Published in: Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 2012-11, Vol.65 (2), p.610-620
• Main Authors: Canedo, Clarissa, Haddad, Célio F.B.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Accounting; Animals; Anura; Anura - classification; Anura - genetics; Arabidopsis Proteins; Bayes Theorem; Bayesian theory; Brachycephalidae; Brazil; Brazilian Atlantic rainforest; Cell Nucleus - genetics; Cladding; DNA, Mitochondrial - genetics; Dual-Specificity Phosphatases; Eleutherodactylus; Evolution; Evolution, Molecular; fauna; Frogs; Genes; Ischnocnema; Models, Genetic; monophyly; new combination; Phylogeny; Rain forests; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Terminals; Terrarana
• ISSN: 1055-7903; 1095-9513
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.07.016

[Display omitted] ► The genus Ischnocnema is not monophyletic in the current composition. ► We render Eleutherodactylus bilineatus insertae sedis status within Holoadeninae. ► We propose the new combinations Pristimantis paulodutrai, Pristimantis ramagii, and Pristimantis vinhai. ► Many Ischnocnema species are not monophyletic and require further α-taxonomic reviews. We present a phylogenetic hypothesis of the anuran clade Terrarana based on partial sequences of nuclear (Tyr and RAG1) and mitochondrial (12S, tRNA-Val, and 16S) genes, testing the monophyly of Ischnocnema and its species series. We performed maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference analyses on 364 terminals: 11 outgroup terminals and 353 ingroup Terrarana terminals, including 139 Ischnocnema terminals (accounting for 29 of the 35 named Ischnocnema species) and 214 other Terrarana terminals within the families Brachycephalidae, Ceuthomantidae, Craugastoridae, and Eleutherodactylidae. Different optimality criteria produced similar results and mostly recovered the currently accepted families and genera. According to these topologies, Ischnocnema is not a monophyletic group. We propose new combinations for three species, relocating them to Pristimantis, and render Eleutherodactylus bilineatus Bokermann, 1975 incertae sedis status within Holoadeninae. The rearrangements in Ischnocnema place it outside the northernmost Brazilian Atlantic rainforest, where the fauna of Terrarana comprises typical Amazonian genera.