Detection of Clostridium Tyrobutyricum in Milk to Prevent Late Blowing in Cheese by Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis

• Published in: Journal of food science 2013-10, Vol.78 (10), p.M1569-M1574
• Main Authors: Panelli, Simona, Brambati, Eva, Bonacina, Cesare, Feligini, Maria
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; ARISA; Biological and medical sciences; Cheese; Cheese - microbiology; Clostridium tyrobutyricum; Clostridium tyrobutyricum - classification; Clostridium tyrobutyricum - isolation & purification; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Dilution; DNA; DNA Primers - genetics; DNA, Bacterial - isolation & purification; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer - isolation & purification; Food Contamination - analysis; Food industries; Food Microbiology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genomes; Gram-positive bacteria; Milk; Milk - microbiology; PCR; Polymerase chain reaction; Reproducibility; Reproducibility of Results; Reproduction; Spacers; Species Specificity; Standard deviation
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12229

Clostridium tyrobutyricum has been identified as the main causal agent of the late blowing defect in cheese, with major effects on quality and commercial value. In this work, for the first time, we applied automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) approach to diagnose the presence of C. tyrobutyricum in raw milk before cheesemaking. A species‐specific primer set was designed and used for this original application of the ARISA. Sensitivity of detection, reproducibility of the fluorescent PCR assay, and repeatability of the capillary electrophoretic analysis of amplicons were evaluated using DNA extracted from milk added with known amounts of C. tyrobutyricum genome copies, ranging from 3 × 106 to 3. Results indicated that the sensitivity of the technique permits to detect the bacterium in all the samples. The reproducibility, evaluated by analyzing 3 sets of serial dilutions, resulted satisfactory, with little deviation within PCR reactions amplifying the same starting amount of template (standard deviations ≤ 0.1, coefficients of variation ≤ 3%). The peaks' fluorescence displayed an evident correspondence with the number of genome copies contained in each dilution. The capillary electrophoretic analysis, tested by running a single PCR product per dilution point in 10 repeats, resulted efficient and highly repeatable, with excellent coefficients of variation ≤ 2% and standard deviations ≤ 0.1 in all the sample sets. This application of ARISA gives good estimates of the total C. tyrobutyricum DNA content allowing a specific, fine‐scale resolution of this pollutant species in a complex system as milk. A further advantage linked to the automatization of the process. Practical Application Clostridium tyrobutyricum has been identified as the main causal agent of the late blowing defect in semihard and hard cheeses, with major effects on quality and commercial value. The described ARISA method can be used to diagnose C. tyrobutyricum presence in raw milk before cheesemaking to prevent economic losses for the dairy industry.